ون

ـُونَ • (-ūna) m (oblique ـِينَ (-īna), construct ـُو (-ū), oblique construct ـِي (-ī))

1. Suffix used to pluralize nouns and adjectives, generally masculine ones referring to people.

   ‎مُسْلِم (muslim, “Muslim”) + ‎ـُونَ (-ūna) → ‎مُسْلِمُونَ (muslimūna, “Muslims”)

2. Creates single-digit multiples of ten: -ty

   ‎خَمْسَة (ḵamsa, “five”) + ‎ـُونَ (-ūna) → ‎خَمْسُونَ (ḵamsūna, “fifty”)

• This suffix is mostly restricted to participles, nisbas, and certain nouns of other building types such as the measure فَعَّال (faʕʕāl). Only a handful of nouns not referring to people use this suffix, e.g. سِنُونَ (sinūna) from سَنة (sana, “year”). Most other nouns have broken plurals or use the “feminine” suffix ـَات (-āt). Note that borrowed nouns tend to use the latter even when they refer to people, e.g. بَهْلَوانَات (bahlawānāt) from بَهْلَوان (bahlawān, “acrobat”).

• ـَات (-āt, sound feminine pluralizing suffix)
• ـَانِ (-āni, dualizing suffix)

ـُونَ • (-ūna) (subjunctive ـُوا, jussive ـُوا)

1. Forms third- and second-person plural masculine conjugations of non-past verbs.

   ‎يَكْتُبُ (yaktubu, “he writes”) + ‎ـُونَ (-ūna) → ‎يَكْتُبُونَ (yaktubūna, “they m write”)

• ـُوا (-ū, past-tense pluralizer)

Perhaps from or related to Persian ون (van, “ash tree”).

ون • (ven)

1. fruit of the turpentine tree

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ون”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2152

Borrowed from English van.

ون • (van) (plural ون‌ها)

1. van

Probably from Mazanderani [Term?]., from Middle Persian wn' (/⁠wan⁠/, “tree”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wán- (“tree, wood”).

ون • (van)

1. (archaic) ash tree (Fraxinus sp.)
2. Persian turpentine tree (Pistacia atlantica or Pistacia eurycarpa)

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “ون”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “ون”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 1432b