چنگ

See also: خنک, خنگ, حنك, جنک, and جنگ

Khalaj

Noun

چَنگ (çəng) (definite accusative چَنگی, plural چَنگلَر)

Arabic spelling of çəng (“claw”)

Declension

Declension of
	singular	plural
nominative	چنگ	چنگلَر
genitive	چنگۆݧ	چنگلَریݧ
dative	چنگکه	چنگلَرکه
definite accusative	چنگۆ	چنگلَری
locative	چنگچه	چنگلَرچه
ablative	چنگده	چنگلَرده
instrumental	چنگله	چنگلَرله
equative	چنگوارا	چنگلَروارا

Persian

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃanɡ/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäŋɡ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäŋɡ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäŋɡ̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰæɲɡʲ̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäŋɡ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	čang
Dari reading^?	čang
Iranian reading^?	čang
Tajik reading^?	čang

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”). Compare English hook; also related to Old Armenian ճանկ (čank), Middle Georgian ჭანგი (č̣angi), Iranian borrowings.

Noun


Iranian Persian	چنگ
Dari	چنگ
Tajik	чанг

چنگ • (čang) (plural چنگ‌ها, or چنگان)

claws, talon
clutch, embrace
(dialectal or literary) hand, fingers
- c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 176:
  مطربا در بزم ما امشب منه از چنگ چنگ
  ای سلیمی باده نوش و دیده بر دیدار دار
  mutribā dar bazm-i mā imšab manih az čang čang
  ay salīmī bāda nōš u dīda bar dīdār dār
  O minstrel, do not put away the harp from your hands during our feast tonight!
  O Selim! Drink wine and keep your eyes upon her face!
  (Classical Persian transliteration)
(dialectal or literary) beak

Related terms

چنگار (čangâr)
چنگال (čangâl)
چنگله (čangale)
چنگک (čangak)

Descendants

→ Armenian: չանգ (čʻang)
→ Azerbaijani: cəng
→ Khalaj: çəng
→ Ottoman Turkish: چنك (çenk)

Etymology 2

Possibly related to the meaning of “claw” and “talon”, from Middle Persian [script needed] (cng /⁠čang⁠/, “harp”). Cognate to Parthian 𐫢𐫗𐫃 (šng /⁠šang⁠/, “harp”), Sogdian 𐫝𐫏𐫗𐫃𐫡𐫏𐫀 (cyngryʾ /⁠čingaryā⁠/), 𐫝𐫗𐫃𐫡𐫏𐫀 (cngryʾ /⁠čangaryā⁠/, “(a kind of) musical instrument, (a kind of) harp”); also related to Arabic صَنْج (ṣanj), a Middle Persian borrowing.

Noun

چنگ • (čang) (plural چنگ‌ها)

lyre, harp
- c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 176:
  مطربا در بزم ما امشب منه از چنگ چنگ
  ای سلیمی باده نوش و دیده بر دیدار دار
  mutribā dar bazm-i mā imšab manih az čang čang
  ay salīmī bāda nōš u dīda bar dīdār dār
  O minstrel, do not put away the harp from your hands during our feast tonight!
  O Selim! Drink wine and keep your eyes upon her face!
  (Classical Persian transliteration)

Related terms

چنگله (čangale)
چنگی (čangi)
چنگ‌زن (čang-zan)

Descendants

→ Arabic: جَنْك (jank), جُنْك (junk)
→ Azerbaijani: çəng
→ Burmese: စောင်း (caung:)
- → Mon: စံၚ်
→ Georgian: ჩანგი (čangi)
→ Ottoman Turkish: چنك (çenk, çeng)
- Turkish: çenk, çeng

References

Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “چنگ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “چنگ”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
Vullers, Johann August (1855) “چنگ”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 595
Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 217
Gharib, B. (1995) “čingaryā”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 132