کنگر

Persian

Etymology

Probably an ancient Aramaic borrowing, given that widespread Northeastern Neo-Aramaic ܩܰܠܩܳܐ (qalqa, “cardoon”) has another widespread variant ܩܰܩܢܳܐ (qaqna).^[1]^[2] For ܩ (q) giving (k) see (komâ, “Ferula”), for the (r) (šenâr, “swimming; horehound”) in place of (šenâ), though trailing extension of a root by ر (r) within Semitic is also very often observed,^[3] so either way a match is statistically likely.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /kan.ˈɡaɾ/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰäŋ.ɡǽɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰäŋ.ɡǽɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰäŋ.ɡǽɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲæɲ.ɡʲǽɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰäŋ.ɡǽɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	kangar
Dari reading^?	kangar
Iranian reading^?	kangar
Tajik reading^?	kangar

Noun

کنگر • (kangar) (plural کنگرها)

Synonyms

گندل (gandal)

Derived terms

کنگر فرنگی (kangar-e farangi)

Descendants

→ Arabic: كَنْكَر (kankar), كَنْجَر (kanjar)
→ Middle Armenian: կանկար (kankar), կանկառ (kankaṙ)
- Armenian: կանկառ (kankaṙ), կանկար (kankar)
  - → Cappadocian Greek: καγκάρι (kagkári)
→ Azerbaijani: kəngər
→ Ottoman Turkish: كنگر (kenger)
- Turkish: kenger
→ Northern Luri: کݩڳێر (kenğır)

^ Tezel, Aziz (2021) “On the Origin of Some Plant Names in Ṣūrayt/Ṭūrōyo in Ṭūr ʿAbdīn”, in Geoffrey Khan, Paul M. Noorlander, editors, Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo-Aramaic‎^[1], Cambridge: University of Cambridge, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 335–341 for the Modern Aramaic forms and meanings, though the identity with the present word is not realized
^ While **ܩܰܢܩܳܐ (*qanqa) could hardly be maintained inside Semitic by reason of its homorganic structure. See for root structures Vernet i Pons, Eulàlia (1 March 2011) “Semitic Root Incompatibilities and Historical Linguistics”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, volume 56, number 1, →DOI, pages 1–18 and Greenberg, Joseph Harold (1950) “The Patterning of Root Morphemes in Semitic”, in Word‎^[2], volume 6, number 2, →DOI, pages 162–181
^ See for that also Greenberg and Vernet i Pons, and many Arabic root etymologies on Wiktionary which to list would be otiose.

[1] Tezel, Aziz (2021) “On the Origin of Some Plant Names in Ṣūrayt/Ṭūrōyo in Ṭūr ʿAbdīn”, in Geoffrey Khan, Paul M. Noorlander, editors, Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo-Aramaic‎^[1], Cambridge: University of Cambridge, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 335–341 for the Modern Aramaic forms and meanings, though the identity with the present word is not realized

[2] While **ܩܰܢܩܳܐ (*qanqa) could hardly be maintained inside Semitic by reason of its homorganic structure. See for root structures Vernet i Pons, Eulàlia (1 March 2011) “Semitic Root Incompatibilities and Historical Linguistics”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, volume 56, number 1, →DOI, pages 1–18 and Greenberg, Joseph Harold (1950) “The Patterning of Root Morphemes in Semitic”, in Word‎^[2], volume 6, number 2, →DOI, pages 162–181

[3] See for that also Greenberg and Vernet i Pons, and many Arabic root etymologies on Wiktionary which to list would be otiose.

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