گداختن

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (wtʾhtn' /⁠widāxtan⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *wi- + *taHč- (“to melt”), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂-k- (“to melt”), cognate with Northern Kurdish bihatin, bihoştin (“to melt”). Compare Ancient Greek τήκω (tḗkō, “to melt”).

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گداختن • (godâxtan) (present stem گداز (godâz))

1. (transitive or intransitive) to melt; to turn to liquid; to thaw

   Synonyms: آب کردن (âb kardan), ذوب کردن (zowb kardan)

2. (transitive, figurative) to destroy; to consume
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 324:

     بود شاهی در جهودان ظلم ساز
     دشمن عیسی و نصرانی گداز

     būd šāhē dar juhūdān zulm sāz
     dušman-i īsā u nasrānī gudāz

     Amongst the Jews there was a king who wrought oppression, an enemy of Jesus and a destroyer of Christians.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

3. (intransitive, figurative) to be consumed; to be wasted
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 202:

     بعد از آن از بهر او شربت بساخت
     تا بخورد و پیش دختر می‌‌گداخت

     ba'd az ān az bahr-i ō šarbat bisāxt
     tā bixwarad u pēš-i doxtar mē-gudāxt

     Thereafter he prepared for him a potion, so that when he drank it he began to dwindle away before the girl.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

• Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN