ܪܘܚܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Etymology
Inherited from Aramaic רוּחָא (rūḥā), from Proto-West Semitic *rūḥ-; compare Arabic رُوح (rūḥ), Hebrew רוּחַ (rúakh). The final sense of “self, oneself” is largely displaced by ܓܵܢܵܐ (gānā) where this sense is not found in the Kurdish source word.
Pronunciation
- (Standard) IPA(key): [ruːxaː]
Noun
ܪܘܼܚܵܐ • (rūḥā) f (plural ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ruḥḥāṯā))
- spirit (motive intellectual or emotional force)
- soul, essence, core or essential aspect required for being
- spirit, specter, ghost
- self, oneself
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | |||||||
| singular | absolute | ܪܘܼܚ (rūḥ) | 1st person | ܪܘܼܚܝܼ (rūḥī) | ܪܘܼܚܲܢ (rūḥan) | |||
| construct | ܪܘܼܚ (rūḥ) | 2nd person | ܪܘܼܚܘܼܟ݂ (rūḥōḵ) | ܪܘܼܚܵܟ݂ܝ (rūḥāḵ) | ܪܘܼܚܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (rūḥawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܪܘܼܚܵܐ (rūḥā) | 3rd person | ܪܘܼܚܹܗ (rūḥēh) | ܪܘܼܚܵܗ̇ (rūḥāh) | ܪܘܼܚܗܘܿܢ (ruḥhōn) | |||
| plural | absolute | ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܢ (rūḥān) | 1st person | ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܝܼ (rūḥāṯī) | ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܲܢ (rūḥāṯan) | |||
| construct | ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ (rūḥāṯ) | 2nd person | ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (rūḥāṯōḵ) | ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (rūḥāṯāḵ) | ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (rūḥāṯawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ruḥḥāṯā) | 3rd person | ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܹܗ (rūḥāṯēh) | ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܵܗ̇ (rūḥāṯāh) | ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܗܘܿܢ (rūḥāṯhōn) | |||
Derived terms
- ܪܘܼܚܵܢܵܝܵܐ (rūḥānāyā)
- ܪܘܼܚܵܐ ܕܩܘܼܕ݂ܫܵܐ (rūḥā dquḏšā)
- ܢܲܓܝܼܪܘܼܬ݂ ܪܘܼܚܵܐ (nagīrūṯ rūḥā)
See also
Classical Syriac
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-West Semitic *rūḥ-.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): [ˈru.ħɑ]
- (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈru.xɑ]
- (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈru.ħo]
Noun
ܪܘܚܐ • (rūḥā) f (plural ܪܘܚܐ (rūḥē) or ܪܘܚܬܐ (rūḥāṯā) or ܪܘܚܢܐ (rūḥānē))
- spirit, specter/spectre, ghost, demon
- life, breath
- wind, vapor/vapour
- (geography) cardinal direction
- flatulence
- smell, odor/odour
- pain
Usage notes
Though this word is feminine, ܪܘܚܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ (rūḥā ḏə-quḏšā, “Holy Spirit”), as well as evil spirits, are usually masculine in later Syriac.
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܪܘܚ | 1st person | ܪܘܚܝ | ܪܘܚܢ | |||
| construct | ܪܘܚ | 2nd person | ܪܘܚܟ | ܪܘܚܟܝ | ܪܘܚܟܘܢ | ܪܘܚܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | 3rd person | ܪܘܚܗ | ܪܘܚܗ | ܪܘܚܗܘܢ | ܪܘܚܗܝܢ | |||
| plural | absolute | ܪܘܚܢܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܢ | 1st person | ܪܘܚܢܝ ,ܪܘܚܬܝ ,ܪܘܚܝ | ܪܘܚܢܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܢ | |||
| construct | ܪܘܚܢܝ ,ܪܘܚܬ ,ܪܘܚܝ | 2nd person | ܪܘܚܢܝܟ ,ܪܘܚܬܟ ,ܪܘܚܝܟ | ܪܘܚܢܝܟܝ ,ܪܘܚܬܟܝ ,ܪܘܚܝܟܝ | ܪܘܚܢܝܟܘܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܟܘܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܟܘܢ | ܪܘܚܢܝܟܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܟܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܪܘܚܢܐ ,ܪܘܚܬܐ , | 3rd person | ܪܘܚܢܘܗܝ ,ܪܘܚܬܗ ,ܪܘܚܘܗܝ | ܪܘܚܢܝܗ ,ܪܘܚܬܗ ,ܪܘܚܝܗ | ܪܘܚܢܝܗܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܗܘܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܗܘܢ | ܪܘܚܢܝܗܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܗܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܗܝܢ | ||
Descendants
- → Malayalam: റൂഹാ (ṟūhā), റൂഹ (ṟūha)
Etymology 2
From the root ܪ ܘ ܚ, related to expanding.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): [r(ə.)ˈwɑ.ħɑ]
- (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈrwɑ.xɑ]
- (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈrwo.ħo]
Noun
ܪܘܚܐ • (rəwāḥā) m(uncountable)
- joy
- (grammar, orthography) name of a vowel mark equivalent to /o/
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܪܘܚ | 1st person | ܪܘܚܝ | ܪܘܚܢ | |||
| construct | ܪܘܚ | 2nd person | ܪܘܚܟ | ܪܘܚܟܝ | ܪܘܚܟܘܢ | ܪܘܚܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܪܘܚܐ | 3rd person | ܪܘܚܗ | ܪܘܚܗ | ܪܘܚܗܘܢ | ܪܘܚܗܝܢ | ||
Etymology 3
From the root ܪ ܘ ܚ, related to expanding.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): [ˈraw.ħɑ]
- (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈrɑw.xɑ]
- (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈrɑw.ħo]
Noun
ܪܘܚܐ • (rawḥā) m (plural ܪܘܚܐ (rawḥē))
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܪܘܚ | 1st person | ܪܘܚܝ | ܪܘܚܢ | |||
| construct | ܪܘܚ | 2nd person | ܪܘܚܟ | ܪܘܚܟܝ | ܪܘܚܟܘܢ | ܪܘܚܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܪܘܚܐ | 3rd person | ܪܘܚܗ | ܪܘܚܗ | ܪܘܚܗܘܢ | ܪܘܚܗܝܢ | ||
| plural | absolute | ܪܘܚܝܢ | 1st person | ܪܘܚܝ | ܪܘܚܝܢ | |||
| construct | ܪܘܚܝ | 2nd person | ܪܘܚܝܟ | ܪܘܚܝܟܝ | ܪܘܚܝܟܘܢ | ܪܘܚܝܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܪܘܚܐ | 3rd person | ܪܘܚܘܗܝ | ܪܘܚܝܗ | ܪܘܚܝܗܘܢ | ܪܘܚܝܗܝܢ | ||
References
- “rwḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 29 May 2012
- Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 341a–b
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 533b–534a
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 1445b–1446a