अग्नि

See also: अगन and अगनी

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní). Doublet of आग (āg). First attested as Old Hindi अग्नि (agni).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /əɡ.niː/, [ɐɡ.niː]
Audio: (file)

Proper noun

अग्नि • (agni) m (Urdu spelling اگنی)

(Hinduism) Agni

Declension

Declension of *अग्नि* (sg-only masc i-stem)
	singular
direct	अग्नि agni
oblique	अग्नि agni
vocative	अग्नि agni

Noun

अग्नि • (agni) f (Urdu spelling اگنی)

(formal) fire
Synonyms: आग (āg), आतिश (ātiś)

Declension

Declension of *अग्नि* (fem i-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	अग्नि agni	अग्नियाँ agniyā̃
oblique	अग्नि agni	अग्नियों agniyõ
vocative	अग्नि agni	अग्नियो agniyo

Marathi

Alternative forms

अग्नी (agnī)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní). Doublet of आग (āg). Compare Old Marathi 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡 (agna), 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘲 (agnī), 𑘀𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘲 (ajñī).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əɡ.ni/, [əɡ.niː]

Proper noun

अग्नि • (agni) m

(Hinduism) Agni (Hindu deity of fire)

Noun

अग्नि • (agni) m

(formal) fire

Declension

Declension of अग्नि (masc ī-stem)
direct singular	अग्नि agni
direct plural	अग्नि agni
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	अग्नि agni	अग्नि agni
oblique सामान्यरूप	अग्नि agni	अग्निं- agnin-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	अग्निला agnilā	अग्निंना agninnā
ergative	अग्निने, अग्निनं agnine, agnina	अग्निंनी agninnī
instrumental	अग्निशी agniśī	अग्निंशी agninśī
locative सप्तमी	अग्नित agnit	अग्निंत agnit
vocative संबोधन	अग्नि agni	अग्निंनो agninno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of अग्नि (masc ī-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	अग्निचा agniċā	अग्निचे agniċe	अग्निची agnicī	अग्निच्या agnicā	अग्निचे, अग्निचं agniċe, agniċa	अग्निची agnicī	अग्निच्या agnicā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	अग्निंचा agninċā	अग्निंचे agninċe	अग्निंची agniñcī	अग्निंच्या agnincā	अग्निंचे, अग्निंचं agninċe, agninċa	अग्निंची agniñcī	अग्निंच्या agniñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Nepali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní). Doublet of आगो (āgo).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʌɡ̞ni]
Phonetic Devanagari: अग्नि

Proper noun

अग्नि • (agni)

Agni, Hindu deity of fire

Declension

Declension of अग्नि
	Singular
nominative	अग्नि [ʌɡni]
accusative	अग्निलाई [ʌɡniläi]
instrumental/ergative	अग्निले [ʌɡnile]
dative	अग्निलाई [ʌɡniläi]
ablative	अग्निबाट [ʌɡnibäʈʌ]
genitive	अग्निको [ʌɡniko]
locative	अग्निमा [ʌɡnimä]

Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Noun

अग्नि • (agni)

fire
Synonym: आगो (āgo)

Declension

Declension of अग्नि
	Singular
nominative	अग्नि [ʌɡni]
accusative	अग्निलाई [ʌɡniläi]
instrumental/ergative	अग्निले [ʌɡnile]
dative	अग्निलाई [ʌɡniläi]
ablative	अग्निबाट [ʌɡnibäʈʌ]
genitive	अग्निको [ʌɡniko]
locative	अग्निमा [ʌɡnimä]

Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Old Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní).

Noun

अग्नि (agni) f

fire

Descendants

Hindustani:
Hindi: अग्नि (agni)

Urdu: اَگْنی (agnī)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

অগ্নি (Assamese script)
ᬅᬕ᭄ᬦᬶ (Balinese script)
অগ্নি (Bengali script)
𑰀𑰐𑰿𑰡𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀦𑀺 (Brahmi script)
အဂ္နိ (Burmese script)
અગ્નિ (Gujarati script)
ਅਗ੍ਨਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌅𑌗𑍍𑌨𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦄꦒ꧀ꦤꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂃𑂏𑂹𑂢𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಅಗ್ನಿ (Kannada script)
អគ្និ (Khmer script)
ອຄ຺ນິ (Lao script)
അഗ്നി (Malayalam script)
ᠠᡤᠨᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠠᠺᠨᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦠𑦰𑧠𑧁𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐀𑐐𑑂𑐣𑐶 (Newa script)
ଅଗ୍ନି (Odia script)
ꢂꢔ꣄ꢥꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆃𑆓𑇀𑆤𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖀𑖐𑖿𑖡𑖰 (Siddham script)
අග‍්නි (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩞 𑪙𑩯𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚀𑚌𑚶𑚝𑚮 (Takri script)
அக்³நி (Tamil script)
అగ్ని (Telugu script)
อคฺนิ (Thai script)
ཨ་གྣི (Tibetan script)
𑒁𑒑𑓂𑒢𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨍𑩇𑨝𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hagníṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hagníš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnís. Cognate with Latin ignis, Old Church Slavonic огнь (ognĭ), ⱁⰳⱀⱐ (ognĭ).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐɡ.ní/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐɡ.n̪i/

Proper noun

अग्नि • (agní) stem, m

Agni, god of fire
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.1.1:
  अ॒ग्निम्ई॒ळे पु॒रोहि॑तं य॒ज्ञस्य॑ दे॒वमृ॒त्विजं॑ ।
  होता॑रं रत्न॒धात॑मं ॥
  agnímīḷé puróhitaṃ yajñásya devámṛtvíjaṃ.
  hótāraṃ ratnadhā́tamaṃ.
  I glorify Agni, the high priest of the sacrifice, the divine, the ministrant, who presents the oblation (to the gods), and is the possessor of great wealth.

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of अग्नि
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	अग्निः (agníḥ)	अग्नी (agnī́)	अग्नयः (agnáyaḥ)
accusative	अग्निम् (agním)	अग्नी (agnī́)	अग्नीन् (agnī́n)
instrumental	अग्निना (agnínā) अग्न्या¹ (agnyā́¹)	अग्निभ्याम् (agníbhyām)	अग्निभिः (agníbhiḥ)
dative	अग्नये (agnáye)	अग्निभ्याम् (agníbhyām)	अग्निभ्यः (agníbhyaḥ)
ablative	अग्नेः (agnéḥ)	अग्निभ्याम् (agníbhyām)	अग्निभ्यः (agníbhyaḥ)
genitive	अग्नेः (agnéḥ)	अग्न्योः (agnyóḥ)	अग्नीनाम् (agnīnā́m)
locative	अग्नौ (agnaú) अग्ना¹ (agnā́¹)	अग्न्योः (agnyóḥ)	अग्निषु (agníṣu)
vocative	अग्ने (ágne)	अग्नी (ágnī)	अग्नयः (ágnayaḥ)

¹Vedic

Noun

अग्नि • (agní) stem, m

fire, sacrificial fire (of three kinds, गार्हपत्य (gārhapatya), आहवनीय (āhavanīya), and दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa))
the number three
the fire of the stomach, digestive faculty, gastric fluid
bile
gold
name of various plants; Semecarpus anacardium, Plumbago zeylanica, Plumbago indica, Citrus aurantifolia
mystical substitute for the letter r
in the कातन्त्र (kātantra) grammar, name of noun-stems ending in i and u

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of अग्नि
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	अग्निः (agníḥ)	अग्नी (agnī́)	अग्नयः (agnáyaḥ)
accusative	अग्निम् (agním)	अग्नी (agnī́)	अग्नीन् (agnī́n)
instrumental	अग्निना (agnínā) अग्न्या¹ (agnyā́¹)	अग्निभ्याम् (agníbhyām)	अग्निभिः (agníbhiḥ)
dative	अग्नये (agnáye)	अग्निभ्याम् (agníbhyām)	अग्निभ्यः (agníbhyaḥ)
ablative	अग्नेः (agnéḥ)	अग्निभ्याम् (agníbhyām)	अग्निभ्यः (agníbhyaḥ)
genitive	अग्नेः (agnéḥ)	अग्न्योः (agnyóḥ)	अग्नीनाम् (agnīnā́m)
locative	अग्नौ (agnaú) अग्ना¹ (agnā́¹)	अग्न्योः (agnyóḥ)	अग्निषु (agníṣu)
vocative	अग्ने (ágne)	अग्नी (ágnī)	अग्नयः (ágnayaḥ)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀕𑀺 (agi /⁠aggi⁠/) (see there for further descendants)
Dardic:
- Kashmiri:
  Arabic script: اۆگُن (ogun)
  
  Devanagari script: ऒगुन (ogun)
  
  Sharada script: 𑆏𑆓𑆶𑆤𑇀 (ogun)
Gandhari: 𐨀𐨒𐨁 (agi)
Pali: aggi (see there for further descendants)
→ Assamese: অগ্নি (ogni)
→ Bengali: অগ্নি (ogni) (learned)
→ English: Agni
→ Gujarati: અગ્નિ (agni)
→ Hindustani: (semi-learned)
Hindi: अगन (agan)

Urdu: اگن (agan)
→ Hindustani: (learned)
Hindi: अग्नि (agni)

Urdu: اگنی (agni)
→ Karo Batak: aguni
→ Old Javanese: agni, gĕni (see there for further descendants)
→ Kannada: ಅಗ್ನಿ (agni)
→ Lao: ອັກຄະນີ (ʼak kha nī)
→ Old Marathi:
Modi script: 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡 (agna), 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘲 (agnī), 𑘀𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘲 (ajñī)

Devanagari script: अग्न (agna), अग्नि (agni), अज्ञी (ajñī)
- Marathi: अग्नि (agni), अग्नी (agnī)
→ Marwari: अगन (agan), अगनी (agnī) (semi-learned)
→ Odia: ଅଗ୍ନି (agni) (learned)
→ Russian: Агни́ (Agní)
→ Tamil: அக்கினி (akkiṉi), அக்னி (akṉi)
→ Malayalam: അഗ്നി (agni)
→ Telugu: అగ్ని (agni)
→ Thai: อัคนี (àk-ká-nii)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “अग्नि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 5, column 1.