अधम
Old Gujarati
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit अधम (adhamá).
Adjective
अधम • (adhama)
Descendants
- Gujarati: અધમ (adham) (perhaps)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- অধম (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬥᬫ (Balinese script)
- অধম (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰠𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀥𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- အဓမ (Burmese script)
- અધમ (Gujarati script)
- ਅਧਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌧𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦣꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂡𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಅಧಮ (Kannada script)
- អធម (Khmer script)
- ອຘມ (Lao script)
- അധമ (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᢡᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘠𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢑᠾᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑧀𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐢𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଅଧମ (Odia script)
- ꢂꢤꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆣𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖠𑖦 (Siddham script)
- අධම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩮𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚜𑚢 (Takri script)
- அத⁴ம (Tamil script)
- అధమ (Telugu script)
- อธม (Thai script)
- ཨ་དྷ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒡𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨜𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *(H)adʰamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)adʰamás, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰ-m̥mo-s (“lowest”), from *(H)n̥dʰí (“under, below”). Cognate with Latin īnfimus (“lowest”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐ.dʱɐ.mɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐ.d̪ʱɐ.mɐ/
Adjective
अधम • (adhamá) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अधमः (adhamáḥ) | अधमौ (adhamaú) अधमा¹ (adhamā́¹) |
अधमाः (adhamā́ḥ) अधमासः¹ (adhamā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | अधमम् (adhamám) | अधमौ (adhamaú) अधमा¹ (adhamā́¹) |
अधमान् (adhamā́n) |
| instrumental | अधमेन (adhaména) | अधमाभ्याम् (adhamā́bhyām) | अधमैः (adhamaíḥ) अधमेभिः¹ (adhamébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अधमाय (adhamā́ya) | अधमाभ्याम् (adhamā́bhyām) | अधमेभ्यः (adhamébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अधमात् (adhamā́t) | अधमाभ्याम् (adhamā́bhyām) | अधमेभ्यः (adhamébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अधमस्य (adhamásya) | अधमयोः (adhamáyoḥ) | अधमानाम् (adhamā́nām) |
| locative | अधमे (adhamé) | अधमयोः (adhamáyoḥ) | अधमेषु (adhaméṣu) |
| vocative | अधम (ádhama) | अधमौ (ádhamau) अधमा¹ (ádhamā¹) |
अधमाः (ádhamāḥ) अधमासः¹ (ádhamāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अधमा (adhamā́) | अधमे (adhamé) | अधमाः (adhamā́ḥ) |
| accusative | अधमाम् (adhamā́m) | अधमे (adhamé) | अधमाः (adhamā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | अधमया (adhamáyā) अधमा¹ (adhamā́¹) |
अधमाभ्याम् (adhamā́bhyām) | अधमाभिः (adhamā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | अधमायै (adhamā́yai) | अधमाभ्याम् (adhamā́bhyām) | अधमाभ्यः (adhamā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अधमायाः (adhamā́yāḥ) अधमायै² (adhamā́yai²) |
अधमाभ्याम् (adhamā́bhyām) | अधमाभ्यः (adhamā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अधमायाः (adhamā́yāḥ) अधमायै² (adhamā́yai²) |
अधमयोः (adhamáyoḥ) | अधमानाम् (adhamā́nām) |
| locative | अधमायाम् (adhamā́yām) | अधमयोः (adhamáyoḥ) | अधमासु (adhamā́su) |
| vocative | अधमे (ádhame) | अधमे (ádhame) | अधमाः (ádhamāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अधमम् (adhamám) | अधमे (adhamé) | अधमानि (adhamā́ni) अधमा¹ (adhamā́¹) |
| accusative | अधमम् (adhamám) | अधमे (adhamé) | अधमानि (adhamā́ni) अधमा¹ (adhamā́¹) |
| instrumental | अधमेन (adhaména) | अधमाभ्याम् (adhamā́bhyām) | अधमैः (adhamaíḥ) अधमेभिः¹ (adhamébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अधमाय (adhamā́ya) | अधमाभ्याम् (adhamā́bhyām) | अधमेभ्यः (adhamébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अधमात् (adhamā́t) | अधमाभ्याम् (adhamā́bhyām) | अधमेभ्यः (adhamébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अधमस्य (adhamásya) | अधमयोः (adhamáyoḥ) | अधमानाम् (adhamā́nām) |
| locative | अधमे (adhamé) | अधमयोः (adhamáyoḥ) | अधमेषु (adhaméṣu) |
| vocative | अधम (ádhama) | अधमे (ádhame) | अधमानि (ádhamāni) अधमा¹ (ádhamā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “अधम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 19, column 3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 66
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 11
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “adhama”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.