Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(H)n̥dʰí

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    Possibly from *h₂en +‎ *-dʰi (locative suffix).[1][2]

    Pokorny suggests a derivation from *(h₁)én (“in”) +‎ *-dʰi, but he doesn't intend *(H)n̥dʰí to mean "under" and doesn't connect most of the terms given below.[3]

    Adverb

    *(H)n̥dʰí

    1. under, below

    Alternative reconstructions

    • *h₂n̥dʰi[1]
    • *ándʰi ~ *n̥dʰí[2]

    Derived terms

    • *(H)n̥dʰ-és (innovative gen.sg.)[4][5]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(H)adʰás (“below, downwards”)[4][5] (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Tocharian:
        • Tocharian B: ette (“down, lower”) (with change of *nt to tt like possibly also in perpette[6])
    • *(H)n̥dʰ-ér, *(H)n̥dʰ-éri (innovative loc.sg.)[7][8]
    • *(H)n̥dʰ-m̥mó-s (“lowest”)[7]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(H)adʰamás[5][9] (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *enðemos
        • Latin: īnfimus (see there for further descendants)
        • >? Latin: īmus (< *emmos < *enðmos[10]) (or from *h₂í-h₂i-mo-s[11])
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: āñc (“down”)

    Descendants

    • >? Proto-Anatolian:
      • Lycian: [script needed] (ẽti)
    • Proto-Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: ընդ (ənd, “under (+ instr.)”)
    • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(H)adʰi
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(H)adʰi
        • Sanskrit: अधि (ádhi, “upper, supreme”) (with semantic reversal[2]) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Klingenschmitt, Gert (2005) M. Janda, R. Lühr, J. Matzinger, S. Schaffner, editors, Aufsätze zur Indogermanistik (Philologia. Sprachwissenschaftliche Forschungsergebnisse; 71), Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač, page 392
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 45-49
    3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 312
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “adhás”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*adah”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 80-81
    6. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ette”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 85-86
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “n̥dhos, n̥dheri”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 49
    8. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 134
    9. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “adhamá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
    10. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300
    11. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 329
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