अष्टम
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- অষ্টম (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬱ᭄ᬝᬫ (Balinese script)
- অষ্টম (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- အၑ္ဋမ (Burmese script)
- અષ્ટમ (Gujarati script)
- ਅਸ਼੍ਟਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦰ꧀ꦛꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂭𑂹𑂗𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಅಷ್ಟಮ (Kannada script)
- អឞ្ដម (Khmer script)
- ອຩ຺ຏມ (Lao script)
- അഷ്ടമ (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᢢᢞᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢔᢌᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑧌𑧠𑦸𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଅଷ୍ଟମ (Odia script)
- ꢂꢰ꣄ꢜꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖦 (Siddham script)
- අෂ්ටම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑪀 𑪙𑩦𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚶𑚔𑚢 (Takri script)
- அஷ்டம (Tamil script)
- అష్టమ (Telugu script)
- อษฺฏม (Thai script)
- ཨ་ཥྚ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨯𑩇𑨔𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
| 80[a], [b] | ||
| ← 7 | ८ 8 |
9 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: अष्ट (aṣṭa), अष्टन् (aṣṭan) Ordinal: अष्टम (aṣṭama) Multiplier: अष्टधा (aṣṭadhā) | ||
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *aštamás; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“eight”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aštəma), Persian هشتم (haštom), Ossetian ӕстӕм (æstæm).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐʂ.ʈɐ.mɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐʂ.ʈɐ.mɐ/
Adjective
अष्टम • (aṣṭamá) stem
- eighth
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.114.9:
- कश्छन्दसां योगमावेद धीरः को धिष्ण्यां प्रति वाचं पपाद ।
कमृत्विजाम्अष्टमं शूरमाहुर्हरी इन्द्रस्य नि चिकाय कः स्वित् ॥- kaśchandasāṃ yogamāveda dhīraḥ ko dhiṣṇyāṃ prati vācaṃ papāda.
kamṛtvijāmaṣṭamaṃ śūramāhurharī indrasya ni cikāya kaḥ svit. - What sage hath learned the metres' application? Who hath gained Vāk, the spirit's aim and object?
Which ministering priest is called the eighth Hero? Who then hath tracked the two Bay Steeds of Indra?
- kaśchandasāṃ yogamāveda dhīraḥ ko dhiṣṇyāṃ prati vācaṃ papāda.
- कश्छन्दसां योगमावेद धीरः को धिष्ण्यां प्रति वाचं पपाद ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अष्टमः (aṣṭamáḥ) | अष्टमौ (aṣṭamaú) अष्टमा¹ (aṣṭamā́¹) |
अष्टमाः (aṣṭamā́ḥ) अष्टमासः¹ (aṣṭamā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | अष्टमम् (aṣṭamám) | अष्टमौ (aṣṭamaú) अष्टमा¹ (aṣṭamā́¹) |
अष्टमान् (aṣṭamā́n) |
| instrumental | अष्टमेन (aṣṭaména) | अष्टमाभ्याम् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अष्टमैः (aṣṭamaíḥ) अष्टमेभिः¹ (aṣṭamébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अष्टमाय (aṣṭamā́ya) | अष्टमाभ्याम् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अष्टमेभ्यः (aṣṭamébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अष्टमात् (aṣṭamā́t) | अष्टमाभ्याम् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अष्टमेभ्यः (aṣṭamébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अष्टमस्य (aṣṭamásya) | अष्टमयोः (aṣṭamáyoḥ) | अष्टमानाम् (aṣṭamā́nām) |
| locative | अष्टमे (aṣṭamé) | अष्टमयोः (aṣṭamáyoḥ) | अष्टमेषु (aṣṭaméṣu) |
| vocative | अष्टम (áṣṭama) | अष्टमौ (áṣṭamau) अष्टमा¹ (áṣṭamā¹) |
अष्टमाः (áṣṭamāḥ) अष्टमासः¹ (áṣṭamāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अष्टमा (aṣṭamā́) | अष्टमे (aṣṭamé) | अष्टमाः (aṣṭamā́ḥ) |
| accusative | अष्टमाम् (aṣṭamā́m) | अष्टमे (aṣṭamé) | अष्टमाः (aṣṭamā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | अष्टमया (aṣṭamáyā) अष्टमा¹ (aṣṭamā́¹) |
अष्टमाभ्याम् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अष्टमाभिः (aṣṭamā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | अष्टमायै (aṣṭamā́yai) | अष्टमाभ्याम् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अष्टमाभ्यः (aṣṭamā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अष्टमायाः (aṣṭamā́yāḥ) अष्टमायै² (aṣṭamā́yai²) |
अष्टमाभ्याम् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अष्टमाभ्यः (aṣṭamā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अष्टमायाः (aṣṭamā́yāḥ) अष्टमायै² (aṣṭamā́yai²) |
अष्टमयोः (aṣṭamáyoḥ) | अष्टमानाम् (aṣṭamā́nām) |
| locative | अष्टमायाम् (aṣṭamā́yām) | अष्टमयोः (aṣṭamáyoḥ) | अष्टमासु (aṣṭamā́su) |
| vocative | अष्टमे (áṣṭame) | अष्टमे (áṣṭame) | अष्टमाः (áṣṭamāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अष्टमम् (aṣṭamám) | अष्टमे (aṣṭamé) | अष्टमानि (aṣṭamā́ni) अष्टमा¹ (aṣṭamā́¹) |
| accusative | अष्टमम् (aṣṭamám) | अष्टमे (aṣṭamé) | अष्टमानि (aṣṭamā́ni) अष्टमा¹ (aṣṭamā́¹) |
| instrumental | अष्टमेन (aṣṭaména) | अष्टमाभ्याम् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अष्टमैः (aṣṭamaíḥ) अष्टमेभिः¹ (aṣṭamébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अष्टमाय (aṣṭamā́ya) | अष्टमाभ्याम् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अष्टमेभ्यः (aṣṭamébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अष्टमात् (aṣṭamā́t) | अष्टमाभ्याम् (aṣṭamā́bhyām) | अष्टमेभ्यः (aṣṭamébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अष्टमस्य (aṣṭamásya) | अष्टमयोः (aṣṭamáyoḥ) | अष्टमानाम् (aṣṭamā́nām) |
| locative | अष्टमे (aṣṭamé) | अष्टमयोः (aṣṭamáyoḥ) | अष्टमेषु (aṣṭaméṣu) |
| vocative | अष्टम (áṣṭama) | अष्टमे (áṣṭame) | अष्टमानि (áṣṭamāni) अष्टमा¹ (áṣṭamā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Gandhari: 𐨀𐨛𐨨 (aṭhama)
- Pali: aṭṭhama
- → Burmese: အဋ္ဌမ (athta.ma.)
- Prakrit: 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀫 (aṭṭhama)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: आठौं (āṭha͠u)
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Takka Apabhramsa:
- Punjabi: ਅੱਠਵਾਂ (aṭṭhavā̃)
- Vracada Apabhramsa:
- Sindhi: aṭhõ
- Arabic script: اٺون
- Devanagari script: अठों
- Sindhi: aṭhõ
- Takka Apabhramsa:
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Khasa Prakrit:
- → Bengali: অষ্টম (ośṭom)
- → Kannada: ಅಷ್ಟಮ (aṣṭama)
Further reading
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “अष्टम”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Monier Williams (1899) “अष्टम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 117, column 1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “aṣṭamá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 41