इभ
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
इभ m
- Devanagari script form of ibha (“elephant”)
Declension
Declension table of "इभ" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | इभो (ibho) | इभा (ibhā) |
| Accusative (second) | इभं (ibhaṃ) | इभे (ibhe) |
| Instrumental (third) | इभेन (ibhena) | इभेहि (ibhehi) or इभेभि (ibhebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | इभस्स (ibhassa) or इभाय (ibhāya) or इभत्थं (ibhatthaṃ) | इभानं (ibhānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | इभस्मा (ibhasmā) or इभम्हा (ibhamhā) or इभा (ibhā) | इभेहि (ibhehi) or इभेभि (ibhebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | इभस्स (ibhassa) | इभानं (ibhānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | इभस्मिं (ibhasmiṃ) or इभम्हि (ibhamhi) or इभे (ibhe) | इभेसु (ibhesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | इभ (ibha) | इभा (ibhā) |
Prakrit
Noun
इभ (ibha)
- Devanagari script form of 𑀇𑀪 (“elephant”)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ইভ (Assamese script)
- ᬇᬪ (Balinese script)
- ইভ (Bengali script)
- 𑰂𑰥 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀇𑀪 (Brahmi script)
- ဣဘ (Burmese script)
- ઇભ (Gujarati script)
- ਇਭ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌇𑌭 (Grantha script)
- ꦆꦨ (Javanese script)
- 𑂅𑂦 (Kaithi script)
- ಇಭ (Kannada script)
- ឥភ (Khmer script)
- ອິຠ (Lao script)
- ഇഭ (Malayalam script)
- ᡳᢨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘂𑘥 (Modi script)
- ᠢᠪᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦢𑧅 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐂𑐨 (Newa script)
- ଇଭ (Odia script)
- ꢄꢩ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆅𑆨 (Sharada script)
- 𑖂𑖥 (Siddham script)
- ඉභ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩑𑩳 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚂𑚡 (Takri script)
- இப⁴ (Tamil script)
- ఇభ (Telugu script)
- อิภ (Thai script)
- ཨི་བྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒃𑒦 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨁𑨡 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /í.bʱɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /i.bʱɐ/
Etymology 1
Uncertain. Possibly related to Tocharian B yäp- (“to enter”) (for the semantic development, compare the different meanings of विश् (viś)).
Noun
इभ • (íbha) stem, m
- household, family
- servant, attendant
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.4.1:
- कृणुष्व पाजः प्रसितिं न पृथ्वीं याहि राजेवामवां इभेन ।
तृष्वीम् अनु प्रसितिं द्रूणानो ऽस्तासि विध्य रक्षसस् तपिष्ठैः ॥- kṛṇuṣva pājaḥ prasitiṃ na pṛthvīṃ yāhi rājevāmavāṃ ibhena.
tṛṣvīm anu prasitiṃ drūṇāno ʼstāsi vidhya rakṣasas tapiṣṭhaiḥ. - Put forth your strength, Agni, like a wide-spreading net, proceed like a king with his attendants;
You, following your swift net, shoot arrows: transfix the fiends with darts that burn most fiercely.
- kṛṇuṣva pājaḥ prasitiṃ na pṛthvīṃ yāhi rājevāmavāṃ ibhena.
- कृणुष्व पाजः प्रसितिं न पृथ्वीं याहि राजेवामवां इभेन ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | इभः (íbhaḥ) | इभौ (íbhau) इभा¹ (íbhā¹) |
इभाः (íbhāḥ) इभासः¹ (íbhāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | इभम् (íbham) | इभौ (íbhau) इभा¹ (íbhā¹) |
इभान् (íbhān) |
| instrumental | इभेन (íbhena) | इभाभ्याम् (íbhābhyām) | इभैः (íbhaiḥ) इभेभिः¹ (íbhebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | इभाय (íbhāya) | इभाभ्याम् (íbhābhyām) | इभेभ्यः (íbhebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | इभात् (íbhāt) | इभाभ्याम् (íbhābhyām) | इभेभ्यः (íbhebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | इभस्य (íbhasya) | इभयोः (íbhayoḥ) | इभानाम् (íbhānām) |
| locative | इभे (íbhe) | इभयोः (íbhayoḥ) | इभेषु (íbheṣu) |
| vocative | इभ (íbha) | इभौ (íbhau) इभा¹ (íbhā¹) |
इभाः (íbhāḥ) इभासः¹ (íbhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- इभ्य (íbhya, “wealthy”)
Etymology 2
Compare Ancient Greek (ἐλ-)έφᾱς ((el-)éphās, “elephant, ivory”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀩𐀞 (e-re-pa /elephās/), Hittite 𒆷𒄴𒉺𒀸 (laḫpaš, “ivory”), and Latin ebur (“ivory”). The term was an ancient Wanderwort; compare Demotic yb (“ivory, Elephantine”), Egyptian
| |
(ꜣbw, “ivory, elephant, Elephantine”), Coptic ⲓⲏⲃ (iēb, “Elephantine”), and Tigre ኣቦት (ʾabot).
Noun
इभ • (ibha) stem, m
- an elephant
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 12.67:
- वृको मृगेभं व्याघ्रोऽश्वं फलमूलं तु मर्कटः ।
स्त्रीमृक्षः स्तोकको वारि यानान्युष्ट्रः पशूनजः ॥- vṛko mṛgebhaṃ vyāghroʼśvaṃ phalamūlaṃ tu markaṭaḥ.
strīmṛkṣaḥ stokako vāri yānānyuṣṭraḥ paśūnajaḥ. - For [the crime of] stealing a deer or an elephant [a man will be reborn as] a wolf, for stealing a horse, [as] a tiger, for stealing fruit and roots, a monkey, for kidnapping a woman, a bear, for stealing water a black-white cuckoo, for stealing vehicles a camel, for stealing cattle a he-goat.
- vṛko mṛgebhaṃ vyāghroʼśvaṃ phalamūlaṃ tu markaṭaḥ.
- वृको मृगेभं व्याघ्रोऽश्वं फलमूलं तु मर्कटः ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | इभः (ibhaḥ) | इभौ (ibhau) इभा¹ (ibhā¹) |
इभाः (ibhāḥ) इभासः¹ (ibhāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | इभम् (ibham) | इभौ (ibhau) इभा¹ (ibhā¹) |
इभान् (ibhān) |
| instrumental | इभेन (ibhena) | इभाभ्याम् (ibhābhyām) | इभैः (ibhaiḥ) इभेभिः¹ (ibhebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | इभाय (ibhāya) | इभाभ्याम् (ibhābhyām) | इभेभ्यः (ibhebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | इभात् (ibhāt) | इभाभ्याम् (ibhābhyām) | इभेभ्यः (ibhebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | इभस्य (ibhasya) | इभयोः (ibhayoḥ) | इभानाम् (ibhānām) |
| locative | इभे (ibhe) | इभयोः (ibhayoḥ) | इभेषु (ibheṣu) |
| vocative | इभ (ibha) | इभौ (ibhau) इभा¹ (ibhā¹) |
इभाः (ibhāḥ) इभासः¹ (ibhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “इभ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 167, column 3.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “इभ”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 387
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “ibha”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “íbha-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 194
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “ibha-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 28
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ibha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 71
- Arthur Berriedale Keith, Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1912) “ibha”, in Vedic index of names and subjects, volume 1, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, W. [Published for the Government of India], →OCLC, page 79