Egyptian
Etymology 1
From ꜣb (“to tarry, avoid, cease”).
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈʀaːbaw/ → /ˈʀaːbaw/ → /ˈʔaːbə/ → /ʔoːβ/
Noun
m
- cessation (+ m: cessation of (something))
Usage notes
This word is usually negated. It is almost exclusively used
- in the negated phrases (nn ꜣbw), (nj wnt ꜣbw), (nj ḫpr ꜣbw), and in Late Egyptian (bn ꜣbw), to mean “unceasing, without end”; or
- as part of (jrj ꜣbw, “to cease”) and its infinitive (jrt ꜣbw, “cessation”), themselves often negated with nn, bn, tm, etc.
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
| singular
|
ꜣbw
|
| dual
|
ꜣbwwj
|
| plural
|
ꜣbww
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ꜣbw
|
ꜣb
|
ꜣb
|
ꜣb
|
ꜣb
|
| [New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Afroasiatic *leb- (compare Tangale labata, Mukulu ʾelbi).[1]
Likely related to ꜣb (“fingernail”) via the ‘ivory, tusk’ sense.
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈʀuːbaw/ → /ˈʀuːbaw/ → /ˈjuːbə/ → /ˈjeːβ/
Noun
m
- elephant [Old Kingdom to New Kingdom]
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
| singular
|
ꜣbw
|
| dual
|
ꜣbwwj
|
| plural
|
ꜣbww
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
Descendants
- →? Ancient Greek: ἐλέφας (eléphas) (see there for further descendants)
See also
Noun
m
- elephant tusk [Since the Middle Kingdom]
- ivory [Since the Middle Kingdom]
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
| singular
|
ꜣbw
|
| dual
|
ꜣbwwj
|
| plural
|
ꜣbww
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ꜣbw
|
ꜣb
|
ꜣb
|
ꜣbw
|
ꜣb
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
Descendants
Proper noun
m./f. topo.
- Elephantine (modern Aswan)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ꜣbw
|
ꜣbw
|
ꜣb
|
ꜣb
|
ꜣbw
|
ꜣb
|
| [Old Kingdom]
|
[Old Kingdom]
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ꜣbw
|
ꜣbw
|
ꜣbw
|
ꜣb
|
ꜣb
|
|
|
|
|
|
[New Kingdom]
|
Descendants
- → Aramaic: יב
- → Ancient Greek: Ἰηβ (Iēb)
- Demotic: yb, ybꜣ, jb, jbꜣ
Etymology 3
Related to ꜣbt (“brand”).
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive) to brand (cattle or slaves) (+ m or + ḥr: to brand with (a seal or name, etc.)) [since New Kingdom literature]
- (transitive) to scorch (the skin)
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣbw (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣbw
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ꜣbw
|
ꜣbww, ꜣbw
|
ꜣbwt
|
ꜣbw
|
ꜣbw
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ꜣbw
|
ḥr ꜣbw
|
m ꜣbw
|
r ꜣbw
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜣbw.n
|
ꜣbww, ꜣbw
|
consecutive
|
ꜣbw.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
ꜣbwt
|
| perfective3
|
ꜣbw
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
ꜣbw.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
ꜣbw
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
ꜣbw
|
ꜣbw
|
potentialis1
|
ꜣbw.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
ꜣbw
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜣbw.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ꜣbw
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ꜣbw
|
ꜣbw, ꜣbww5, ꜣbwy5
|
| imperfective
|
ꜣbw, ꜣbwy, ꜣbww5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ꜣbw, ꜣbwj6, ꜣbwy6
|
ꜣbw, ꜣbww5
|
| prospective
|
ꜣbw, ꜣbwtj7
|
—
|
ꜣbwtj4, ꜣbwt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
Noun
m
- (Late Egyptian) brand, branding iron
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
| singular
|
ꜣbw
|
| dual
|
ꜣbwwj
|
| plural
|
ꜣbww
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
Etymology 4
Noun
m
- (medicine) a substance used medicinally
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
| singular
|
ꜣbw
|
| dual
|
ꜣbwwj
|
| plural
|
ꜣbww
|
References
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 2
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 6.9–6.23, 7.15–7.20, 7.22
- Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, pages 7–9
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 339.
- Erichsen, Wolja (1954) Demotisches Glossar, Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, page 49
- Janet H. Johnson, editor (2001), The Demotic Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago[2], volume Y (01.1), Chicago: The University of Chicago, pages 7–10
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E., Stolbova, Olga V. (1995) “*leb-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, § 1662, page 360