ईट्टे

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts
  • ঈট্টে (Assamese script)
  • ᬈᬝ᭄ᬝᬾ (Balinese script)
  • ঈট্টে (Bengali script)
  • 𑰃𑰘𑰿𑰘𑰸 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀈𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂 (Brahmi script)
  • ဤဋ္ဋေ (Burmese script)
  • ઈટ્ટે (Gujarati script)
  • ਈਟ੍ਟੇ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌈𑌟𑍍𑌟𑍇 (Grantha script)
  • ꦇꦛ꧀ꦛꦺ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂆𑂗𑂹𑂗𑂵 (Kaithi script)
  • ಈಟ್ಟೇ (Kannada script)
  • ឦដ្ដេ (Khmer script)
  • ອີຏ຺ເຏ (Lao script)
  • ഈട്ടേ (Malayalam script)
  • ᡳᡳᢞᢞᡝ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘃𑘘𑘿𑘘𑘹 (Modi script)
  • ᠢᠢᢌᢌᠧ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦣𑦸𑧠𑦸𑧚 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐃𑐚𑑂𑐚𑐾 (Newa script)
  • ଈଟ୍ଟେ (Odia script)
  • ꢅꢜ꣄ꢜꢾ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆆𑆛𑇀𑆛𑆼 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖃𑖘𑖿𑖘𑖸 (Siddham script)
  • ඊට‍්ටෙ (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩐𑩑𑩛𑩦 𑪙𑩦𑩔 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚃𑚔𑚶𑚔𑚲 (Takri script)
  • ஈட்டே (Tamil script)
  • ఈట్టే (Telugu script)
  • อีฏฺเฏ (Thai script)
  • ཨཱི་ཊྚེ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒄𑒙𑓂𑒙𑒹 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨀𑨁𑨊𑨔𑩇𑨔𑨄 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂eysd-der.
    Sanskrit ईट्टे॑ (ī́ṭṭe)

    Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HiHáyṣṭ(ṭ)i ~ *HíHiẓḍati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HiHáyšt(ˢt)i ~ *HíHizdati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂i-h₂éysd-ti ~ *h₂í-h₂isd-n̥ti,[1] from *h₂eysd-. The exact assimilation rules for *-sdt- in Indo-Iranian are unclear.

    Some sources instead propose the athematic root present *h₂isd-tor, but per Helmut, the accent argues against this etymology (and instead for a reduplicated source). It can be analysed like this synchronically, however.[2]

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    ईट्टे॑ • (ī́ṭṭe) third-singular indicative (class 2, type A, root ईड्)[3]

    1. to praise
    2. to implore

    Conjugation

    Present: ईट्टे (ī́ṭṭe)
    Active Mediopassive
    Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
    Indicative
    Third -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईट्टे
    ī́ṭṭe     		ईडाते
    ī́ḍāte     		ईडते
    ī́ḍate
    Second -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईडिषे
    ī́ḍiṣe     		ईडाथे
    ī́ḍāthe     		ईड्ढ्वे
    ī́ḍḍhve
    First -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईडे
    ī́ḍe     		ईड्वहे
    ī́ḍvahe     		ईड्महे
    ī́ḍmahe
    Imperative
    Third -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईट्टाम्
    ī́ṭṭām     		ईडाताम्
    ī́ḍātām     		ईडताम्
    ī́ḍatām
    Second -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईडिष्व
    ī́ḍiṣva     		ईडाथाम्
    ī́ḍāthām     		ईड्ढ्वम्
    ī́ḍḍhvam
    First -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईडै
    ī́ḍai     		ईडावहै
    ī́ḍāvahai     		ईडामहै / ईडामहे¹
    ī́ḍāmahai / ī́ḍāmahe¹
    Optative/Potential
    Third -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईडीत
    ī́ḍīta     		ईडीयाताम्
    ī́ḍīyātām     		ईडीरन्
    ī́ḍīran
    Second -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईडीथाः
    ī́ḍīthāḥ     		ईडीयाथाम्
    ī́ḍīyāthām     		ईडीध्वम्
    ī́ḍīdhvam
    First -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईडीय
    ī́ḍīya     		ईडीवहि
    ī́ḍīvahi     		ईडीमहि
    ī́ḍīmahi
    Subjunctive
    Third -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईडते / ईडातै
    ī́ḍate / ī́ḍātai     		ईडैते
    ī́ḍaite     		ईडन्त / ईडान्तै
    ī́ḍanta / ī́ḍāntai
    Second -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईडसे / ईडासै
    ī́ḍase / ī́ḍāsai     		ईडैथे
    ī́ḍaithe     		ईडध्वे / ईडाध्वै
    ī́ḍadhve / ī́ḍādhvai
    First -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईडै
    ī́ḍai     		ईडावहै
    ī́ḍāvahai     		ईडामहै
    ī́ḍāmahai
    Participles
    -
    -     		ईडान
    ī́ḍāna
    Notes
    • The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.
    • ¹Vedic
    Imperfect: ऐट्ट (aíṭṭa)
    Active Mediopassive
    Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
    Indicative
    Third -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ऐट्ट
    aíṭṭa     		ऐडाताम्
    aíḍātām     		ऐडत
    aíḍata
    Second -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ऐट्ठाः
    aíṭṭhāḥ     		ऐडाथाम्
    aíḍāthām     		ऐड्ढ्वम्
    aíḍḍhvam
    First -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ऐडि
    aíḍi     		ऐड्वहि
    aíḍvahi     		ऐड्महि
    aíḍmahi

    The Vedic forms often have ळ (ḷa) instead of ड (ḍa) intervocalically (see also ईळ् (īḷ)):

    Present: ईट्टे (ī́ṭṭe)
    Active Mediopassive
    Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
    Indicative
    Third -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईट्टे
    ī́ṭṭe     		ईळाते
    ī́ḷāte     		ईळते
    ī́ḷate
    Second -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईळिषे
    ī́ḷiṣe     		ईळाथे
    ī́ḷāthe     		ईड्ढ्वे
    ī́ḍḍhve
    First -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईळे
    ī́ḷe     		ईड्वहे
    ī́ḍvahe     		ईड्महे
    ī́ḍmahe
    Imperative
    Third -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईट्टाम्
    ī́ṭṭām     		ईळाताम्
    ī́ḷātām     		ईळताम्
    ī́ḷatām
    Second -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईळिष्व
    ī́ḷiṣva     		ईळाथाम्
    ī́ḷāthām     		ईड्ढ्वम्
    ī́ḍḍhvam
    First -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईळै
    ī́ḷai     		ईळावहै
    ī́ḷāvahai     		ईळामहै / ईळामहे
    ī́ḷāmahai / ī́ḷāmahe
    Optative/Potential
    Third -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईळीत
    ī́ḷīta     		ईळीयाताम्
    ī́ḷīyātām     		ईळीरन्
    ī́ḷīran
    Second -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईळीथाः
    ī́ḷīthāḥ     		ईळीयाथाम्
    ī́ḷīyāthām     		ईळीध्वम्
    ī́ḷīdhvam
    First -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईळीय
    ī́ḷīya     		ईळीवहि
    ī́ḷīvahi     		ईळीमहि
    ī́ḷīmahi
    Subjunctive
    Third -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईळते / ईळातै
    ī́ḷate / ī́ḷātai     		ईळैते
    ī́ḷaite     		ईळन्त / ईळान्तै
    ī́ḷanta / ī́ḷāntai
    Second -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईळसे / ईळासै
    ī́ḷase / ī́ḷāsai     		ईळैथे
    ī́ḷaithe     		ईळध्वे / ईळाध्वै
    ī́ḷadhve / ī́ḷādhvai
    First -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ईळै
    ī́ḷai     		ईळावहै
    ī́ḷāvahai     		ईळामहै
    ī́ḷāmahai
    Participles
    -
    -     		ईळान
    ī́ḷāna
    Notes
    • The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.
    Imperfect: ऐट्ट (aíṭṭa)
    Active Mediopassive
    Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
    Indicative
    Third -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ऐट्ट
    aíṭṭa     		ऐळाताम्
    aíḷātām     		ऐळत
    aíḷata
    Second -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ऐट्ठाः
    aíṭṭhāḥ     		ऐळाथाम्
    aíḷāthām     		ऐड्ढ्वम्
    aíḍḍhvam
    First -
    -     		-
    -     		-
    -     		ऐळि
    aíḷi     		ऐड्वहि
    aíḍvahi     		ऐड्महि
    aíḍmahi

    References

    1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂ei̯sd-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 260
    2. ^ Kobayashi, Masato (2004) Historical Phonology of Old Indo-Aryan Consonants (Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa Monograph Series; 42)‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, →ISBN, page 141
    3. ^ Monier Williams (1899) “ईट्टे”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 170, column 2.

    Further reading

    • Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “īḍ”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
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