उपनह्यति

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

উপনহ্যতি (Assamese script)
ᬉᬧᬦᬳ᭄ᬬᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
উপনহ্যতি (Bengali script)
𑰄𑰢𑰡𑰮𑰿𑰧𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀉𑀧𑀦𑀳𑁆𑀬𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဥပနဟျတိ (Burmese script)
ઉપનહ્યતિ (Gujarati script)
ਉਪਨਹ੍ਯਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌉𑌪𑌨𑌹𑍍𑌯𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦈꦥꦤꦲꦾꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂇𑂣𑂢𑂯𑂹𑂨𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಉಪನಹ್ಯತಿ (Kannada script)
ឧបនហ្យតិ (Khmer script)
ອຸປນຫ຺ຍຕິ (Lao script)
ഉപനഹ്യതി (Malayalam script)
ᡠᢒᠠᠨᠠᡥᠶᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘄𑘢𑘡𑘮𑘿𑘧𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠤᢒᠠᠨᠠᠾᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦤𑧂𑧁𑧎𑧠𑧇𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐄𑐥𑐣𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଉପନହ୍ଯତି (Odia script)
ꢆꢦꢥꢲ꣄ꢫꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆇𑆥𑆤𑆲𑇀𑆪𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖄𑖢𑖡𑖮𑖿𑖧𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
උපනහ්‍යති (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩒𑩰𑩯𑪂 𑪙𑩻𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚄𑚞𑚝𑚩𑚶𑚣𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
உபநஹ்யதி (Tamil script)
ఉపనహ్యతి (Telugu script)
อุปนหฺยติ (Thai script)
ཨུ་པ་ན་ཧྱ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒅𑒣𑒢𑒯𑓂𑒨𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨃𑨞𑨝𑨱𑩇𑨪𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Compound of उप- (upa-) +‎ नह्यति (nahyati)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /u.pɐ.nɐɦ.jɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /u.pɐ.n̪ɐɦ.jɐ.t̪i/

Verb

उपनह्यति • (upanahyati) third-singular indicative (class 4, type P, present, root उपनह्)^[1]

to tie up,^[1] to bind to,^[1] to bind up,^[1] to make up into a bundle^[1]
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)
- c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa
- c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
- c. 300 BCE, Kātyāyana, Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra
- ĀśvŚr
to nurse a grudge
- (Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎^[1], Colombo, 2009:
  3 ආක්‍රොශන‍්මාමවොචන‍්මාම ජයන‍්මාමහාපයත්
  අත්‍ර යෙ උපනහ්‍යන‍්තෙ වෛරං තෙෂාං න ශාම්‍යති
  3 Ākrośanmāmavocanmāma jayanmāmahāpayat
  Atra ye upanahyante vairaṃ teṣāṃ na śāmyati.
  They abused me, they reviled me, they defeated me and plundered me.
  Hatred does not subside for those who nurse grudges thus.
  (Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: -
	Undeclinable
Infinitive	- -
Gerund	उपनद्ध्वा upanaddhvā́
	Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive	उपनह्य upanahya
Feminine Gerundive	उपनह्या upanahyā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle	उपनद्ध upanaddhá
Feminine Past Passive Participle	उपनद्धा upanaddhā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle	उपनद्धवत् upanaddhávat
Feminine Past Active Participle	उपनद्धवती upanaddhávatī

Present: उपनह्यति (upanahyati), उपनह्यते (upanahyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	उपनह्यति upanahyati	उपनह्यतः upanahyataḥ	उपनह्यन्ति upanahyanti	उपनह्यते upanahyate	उपनह्येते upanahyete	उपनह्यन्ते upanahyante
Second	उपनह्यसि upanahyasi	उपनह्यथः upanahyathaḥ	उपनह्यथ upanahyatha	उपनह्यसे upanahyase	उपनह्येथे upanahyethe	उपनह्यध्वे upanahyadhve
First	उपनह्यामि upanahyāmi	उपनह्यावः upanahyāvaḥ	उपनह्यामः / उपनह्यामसि¹ upanahyāmaḥ / upanahyāmasi¹	उपनह्ये upanahye	उपनह्यावहे upanahyāvahe	उपनह्यामहे upanahyāmahe
Imperative
Third	उपनह्यतु upanahyatu	उपनह्यताम् upanahyatām	उपनह्यन्तु upanahyantu	उपनह्यताम् upanahyatām	उपनह्येताम् upanahyetām	उपनह्यन्ताम् upanahyantām
Second	उपनह्य upanahya	उपनह्यतम् upanahyatam	उपनह्यत upanahyata	उपनह्यस्व upanahyasva	उपनह्येथाम् upanahyethām	उपनह्यध्वम् upanahyadhvam
First	उपनह्यानि upanahyāni	उपनह्याव upanahyāva	उपनह्याम upanahyāma	उपनह्यै upanahyai	उपनह्यावहै upanahyāvahai	उपनह्यामहै upanahyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	उपनह्येत् upanahyet	उपनह्येताम् upanahyetām	उपनह्येयुः upanahyeyuḥ	उपनह्येत upanahyeta	उपनह्येयाताम् upanahyeyātām	उपनह्येरन् upanahyeran
Second	उपनह्येः upanahyeḥ	उपनह्येतम् upanahyetam	उपनह्येत upanahyeta	उपनह्येथाः upanahyethāḥ	उपनह्येयाथाम् upanahyeyāthām	उपनह्येध्वम् upanahyedhvam
First	उपनह्येयम् upanahyeyam	उपनह्येव upanahyeva	उपनह्येम upanahyema	उपनह्येय upanahyeya	उपनह्येवहि upanahyevahi	उपनह्येमहि upanahyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	उपनह्यात् / उपनह्याति upanahyāt / upanahyāti	उपनह्यातः upanahyātaḥ	उपनह्यान् upanahyān	उपनह्याते / उपनह्यातै upanahyāte / upanahyātai	उपनह्यैते upanahyaite	उपनह्यन्त / उपनह्यान्तै upanahyanta / upanahyāntai
Second	उपनह्याः / उपनह्यासि upanahyāḥ / upanahyāsi	उपनह्याथः upanahyāthaḥ	उपनह्याथ upanahyātha	उपनह्यासे / उपनह्यासै upanahyāse / upanahyāsai	उपनह्यैथे upanahyaithe	उपनह्याध्वै upanahyādhvai
First	उपनह्यानि upanahyāni	उपनह्याव upanahyāva	उपनह्याम upanahyāma	उपनह्यै upanahyai	उपनह्यावहै upanahyāvahai	उपनह्यामहै upanahyāmahai
Participles
	उपनह्यत् upanahyat			उपनह्यमान upanahyamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: उपानह्यत् (upānahyat), उपानह्यत (upānahyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	उपानह्यत् upānahyat	उपानह्यताम् upānahyatām	उपानह्यन् upānahyan	उपानह्यत upānahyata	उपानह्येताम् upānahyetām	उपानह्यन्त upānahyanta
Second	उपानह्यः upānahyaḥ	उपानह्यतम् upānahyatam	उपानह्यत upānahyata	उपानह्यथाः upānahyathāḥ	उपानह्येथाम् upānahyethām	उपानह्यध्वम् upānahyadhvam
First	उपानह्यम् upānahyam	उपानह्याव upānahyāva	उपानह्याम upānahyāma	उपानह्ये upānahye	उपानह्यावहि upānahyāvahi	उपानह्यामहि upānahyāmahi

Descendants

Pali: upanayhati

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Monier Williams (1899) “उपनह्यति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 200, column 2.

[MW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Monier Williams (1899) “उपनह्यति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 200, column 2.

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