उपमा

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

upamā (Latin script)
𑀉𑀧𑀫𑀸 (Brahmi script)
উপমা (Bengali script)
උපමා (Sinhalese script)
ဥပမာ or ဢုပမႃ (Burmese script)
อุปมา or อุปะมา (Thai script)
ᩏᨷᨾᩣ (Tai Tham script)
ອຸປມາ or ອຸປະມາ (Lao script)
ឧបមា (Khmer script)
𑄃𑄪𑄛𑄟𑄂 (Chakma script)

Noun

उपमा f

Devanagari script form of upamā

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

উপমা (Assamese script)
ᬉᬧᬫᬵ (Balinese script)
উপমা (Bengali script)
𑰄𑰢𑰦𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀉𑀧𑀫𑀸 (Brahmi script)
ဥပမာ (Burmese script)
ઉપમા (Gujarati script)
ਉਪਮਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌉𑌪𑌮𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦈꦥꦩꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂇𑂣𑂧𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಉಪಮಾ (Kannada script)
ឧបមា (Khmer script)
ອຸປມາ (Lao script)
ഉപമാ (Malayalam script)
ᡠᢒᠠᠮᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘄𑘢𑘦𑘰 (Modi script)
ᠤᢒᠠᠮᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑦤𑧂𑧆𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐄𑐥𑐩𑐵 (Newa script)
ଉପମା (Odia script)
ꢆꢦꢪꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆇𑆥𑆩𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖄𑖢𑖦𑖯 (Siddham script)
උපමා (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩒𑩰𑩴𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚄𑚞𑚢𑚭 (Takri script)
உபமா (Tamil script)
ఉపమా (Telugu script)
อุปมา (Thai script)
ཨུ་པ་མཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒅𑒣𑒧𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨃𑨞𑨢𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

उप- (upa-, “towards, near”) +‎ मा (mā, “measure”).

Noun

उपमा • (upamā) stem, f

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of उपमा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	उपमा (upamā)	उपमे (upame)	उपमाः (upamāḥ)
accusative	उपमाम् (upamām)	उपमे (upame)	उपमाः (upamāḥ)
instrumental	उपमया (upamayā) उपमा¹ (upamā¹)	उपमाभ्याम् (upamābhyām)	उपमाभिः (upamābhiḥ)
dative	उपमायै (upamāyai)	उपमाभ्याम् (upamābhyām)	उपमाभ्यः (upamābhyaḥ)
ablative	उपमायाः (upamāyāḥ) उपमायै² (upamāyai²)	उपमाभ्याम् (upamābhyām)	उपमाभ्यः (upamābhyaḥ)
genitive	उपमायाः (upamāyāḥ) उपमायै² (upamāyai²)	उपमयोः (upamayoḥ)	उपमानाम् (upamānām)
locative	उपमायाम् (upamāyām)	उपमयोः (upamayoḥ)	उपमासु (upamāsu)
vocative	उपमे (upame)	उपमे (upame)	उपमाः (upamāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

→ Kannada: ಉಪಮೆ (upame)
→ Malayalam: ഉപമ (upama)
Pali: upamā
- → Burmese: ဥပမာ (u.pa.ma)
- → Lao: ອຸບປະມາ (ʼup pa mā)
  - → Lao: ອຸບປະມານ (ʼup pa mān)
  - → Lao: ອຸບປະໄມ (ʼup pa mai)
- → Khmer: ឧបមេយ្យ (ʼŏbâméyy)
  - → Khmer: ឧបមៃយ (ʼŏbâmeyyô)
- → Malay: umpama
  - → Iban: sempama
  - → Indonesian: umpama
- → Mon: ဥပမာ
- → Thai: อุปมา (ùp-bpà-maa)
- → Thai: อุปไมย (ùp-bpà-mai)
→ Tamil: உவமை (uvamai)
→ Telugu: ఉపమానం (upamānaṁ)

Further reading

Monier Williams (1899) “उपमा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 203, column 2.
Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “upamā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.