ओषधि
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- ओषधी (óṣadhī)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ওষধি (Assamese script)
- ᬑᬱᬥᬶ (Balinese script)
- ওষধি (Bengali script)
- 𑰌𑰬𑰠𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀑𑀱𑀥𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဩၑဓိ (Burmese script)
- ઓષધિ (Gujarati script)
- ਓਸ਼ਧਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌓𑌷𑌧𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦎꦰꦣꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂋𑂭𑂡𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಓಷಧಿ (Kannada script)
- ឱឞធិ (Khmer script)
- ໂອຩຘິ (Lao script)
- ഓഷധി (Malayalam script)
- ᠣᢢᠠᢡᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘌𑘬𑘠𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠣᠸᠠᢔᠠᢑᠾᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦬𑧌𑧀𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐌𑐲𑐢𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଓଷଧି (Odia script)
- ꢐꢰꢤꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆏𑆰𑆣𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖌𑖬𑖠𑖰 (Siddham script)
- ඔෂධි (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩕𑪀𑩮𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚈𑚜𑚮 (Takri script)
- ஓஷதி⁴ (Tamil script)
- ఓషధి (Telugu script)
- โอษธิ (Thai script)
- ཨོ་ཥ་དྷི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒍𑒭𑒡𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨆𑨯𑨜𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Of unclear origin. The latter component, धि (dhi), is likely derived from the root धा (dhā, “to put, place”). The former component, ओष् (oṣ), has been subject to vigorous debate and multiple competing theories:
- Related to अवस् (avas, “favor, protection”) and अवस (avasa, “refreshment, food, provisions”).
- Derived from the root उष् (uṣ, “to burn”).
- Related to Gothic 𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌶𐌰 (iusiza, “better”) or Lithuanian auštis (“to refresh, revive”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐ́w.ʂɐ.dʱi/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /oː.ʂɐ.d̪ʱi/
Noun
ओषधि • (óṣadhi) stem, f
- an herb, plant, especially a medicinal herb
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.83.5:
- यस्य॑ व्र॒ते पृ॑थि॒वी नन्न॑मीति॒ यस्य॑ व्र॒ते श॒फव॒ज्जर्भु॑रीति ।
यस्य॑ व्र॒त ओष॑धीर्वि॒श्वरू॑पाः॒ स नः॑ पर्जन्य॒ महि॒ शर्म॑ यच्छ ॥- yásya vraté pṛthivī́ nánnamīti yásya vraté śaphávajjárbhurīti.
yásya vratá óṣadhīrviśvárūpāḥ sá naḥ parjanya máhi śárma yaccha. - Do you, Parjanya, through whose function the earth is bowed down; through whose function hoofed cattle thrive; through whose function plants assume all kinds of forms, grant us great felicity.
- yásya vraté pṛthivī́ nánnamīti yásya vraté śaphávajjárbhurīti.
- यस्य॑ व्र॒ते पृ॑थि॒वी नन्न॑मीति॒ यस्य॑ व्र॒ते श॒फव॒ज्जर्भु॑रीति ।
- an annual plant or herb (which dies after becoming ripe)
- a remedy in general
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ओषधिः (óṣadhiḥ) | ओषधी (óṣadhī) | ओषधयः (óṣadhayaḥ) |
| accusative | ओषधिम् (óṣadhim) | ओषधी (óṣadhī) | ओषधीः (óṣadhīḥ) |
| instrumental | ओषध्या (óṣadhyā) ओषधी¹ (óṣadhī¹) |
ओषधिभ्याम् (óṣadhibhyām) | ओषधिभिः (óṣadhibhiḥ) |
| dative | ओषधये (óṣadhaye) ओषध्यै² (óṣadhyai²) ओषधी¹ (óṣadhī¹) |
ओषधिभ्याम् (óṣadhibhyām) | ओषधिभ्यः (óṣadhibhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ओषधेः (óṣadheḥ) ओषध्याः² (óṣadhyāḥ²) ओषध्यै³ (óṣadhyai³) |
ओषधिभ्याम् (óṣadhibhyām) | ओषधिभ्यः (óṣadhibhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ओषधेः (óṣadheḥ) ओषध्याः² (óṣadhyāḥ²) ओषध्यै³ (óṣadhyai³) |
ओषध्योः (óṣadhyoḥ) | ओषधीनाम् (óṣadhīnām) |
| locative | ओषधौ (óṣadhau) ओषध्याम्² (óṣadhyām²) ओषधा¹ (óṣadhā¹) |
ओषध्योः (óṣadhyoḥ) | ओषधिषु (óṣadhiṣu) |
| vocative | ओषधे (óṣadhe) | ओषधी (óṣadhī) | ओषधयः (óṣadhayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Later Sanskrit
- ³Brāhmaṇas
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “ओषधि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 236, column 1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 282
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 133