कूप
Sanskrit
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kúHpas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kúHpas, from Proto-Indo-European *kúHp-o-s, from *kuHp- (“water vessel; hollow”), from *kew- (“bend, curve”). Cognate with Latin cupa, Ancient Greek κύπη (kúpē, “gap, hollow”), κύπελλον (kúpellon), Old English hyf (whence English hive, qv).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /kúː.pɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /kuː.pɐ/
Noun
कूप • (kū́pa) stem, m
- a well; a hole dug in the ground as a source of water
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.105.17:
- त्रि॒तः कूपेऽव॑हितो दे॒वान्ह॑वत ऊ॒तये॑ ।
तच्छु॑श्राव॒ बृह॒स्पतिः॑ कृ॒ण्वन्नं॑हूर॒णादु॒रु वि॒त्तं मे॑ अ॒स्य रो॑दसी ॥- tritáḥ kū́péʼvahito devā́nhavata ūtáye.
tácchuśrāva bṛ́haspátiḥ kṛṇvánnaṃhūraṇā́durú vittáṃ me asyá rodasī. - Trita, when buried in the well, calls on the Gods to succour him.
That call of his Bṛhaspati heard and released him from distress. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.
- tritáḥ kū́péʼvahito devā́nhavata ūtáye.
- त्रि॒तः कूपेऽव॑हितो दे॒वान्ह॑वत ऊ॒तये॑ ।
- hole, cavity
- leather oil vessel
- cave
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | कूपः (kū́paḥ) | कूपौ (kū́pau) कूपा¹ (kū́pā¹) |
कूपाः (kū́pāḥ) कूपासः¹ (kū́pāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | कूपम् (kū́pam) | कूपौ (kū́pau) कूपा¹ (kū́pā¹) |
कूपान् (kū́pān) |
| instrumental | कूपेन (kū́pena) | कूपाभ्याम् (kū́pābhyām) | कूपैः (kū́paiḥ) कूपेभिः¹ (kū́pebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | कूपाय (kū́pāya) | कूपाभ्याम् (kū́pābhyām) | कूपेभ्यः (kū́pebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | कूपात् (kū́pāt) | कूपाभ्याम् (kū́pābhyām) | कूपेभ्यः (kū́pebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | कूपस्य (kū́pasya) | कूपयोः (kū́payoḥ) | कूपानाम् (kū́pānām) |
| locative | कूपे (kū́pe) | कूपयोः (kū́payoḥ) | कूपेषु (kū́peṣu) |
| vocative | कूप (kū́pa) | कूपौ (kū́pau) कूपा¹ (kū́pā¹) |
कूपाः (kū́pāḥ) कूपासः¹ (kū́pāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- कूपक (kūpaka)
Descendants
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kalasha: kuí
- Pali: kepa
- Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀬 (kūya)
- Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀧𑀬 (kuṃpaya)
- Central:
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯 (kūva)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀅 (kūvaa), 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀕 (kūvaga)
- Old Hindi: कुआ (kuā)
- Hindi: कुँआ (kũā)
- Romani: kūpă
- Old Hindi: कुआ (kuā)
- Eastern:
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: কুঁৱা (kũwa), কূপা (kupa)
- Bengali: কুয়া (kuẏa)
- Odia: କୂପୀ (kupi)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Southern:
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘳𑘮𑘰 (kuhā)
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Northwestern:
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Takka Apabhramsa:
- Lahnda: کپا (kuppā)
- Punjabi: khūh, kuppā, kuppī
- Gurmukhi script: ਖੂਹ, ਕੁੱਪਾ, ਕੁੱਪੀ
- Shahmukhi script: کھُہ, کُپَّا, کُپِّی
- Vracada Apabhramsa:
- Sindhi: kupo, kupiṛo
- Arabic script: ڪُپو, ڪُپِڙو
- Devanagari script: कुपो, कुपिड़ो
- Sindhi: kupo, kupiṛo
- Takka Apabhramsa:
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Northern:
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: कुवा (kuwā)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Southern:
- Western:
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Old Gujarati:
- Gujarati: કૂવો (kūvo), કુંપો (kumpo), કુંપી (kumpī), કુપી (kupī)
- Mewari: कूड़ो (kūṛo)
- Old Gujarati:
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Central:
- → Telugu: కూపము (kūpamu)
- → Malay: kupi
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /kuː.pɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /kuː.pɐ/
Noun
कूप • (kūpa) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | कूपः (kūpaḥ) | कूपौ (kūpau) कूपा¹ (kūpā¹) |
कूपाः (kūpāḥ) कूपासः¹ (kūpāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | कूपम् (kūpam) | कूपौ (kūpau) कूपा¹ (kūpā¹) |
कूपान् (kūpān) |
| instrumental | कूपेन (kūpena) | कूपाभ्याम् (kūpābhyām) | कूपैः (kūpaiḥ) कूपेभिः¹ (kūpebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | कूपाय (kūpāya) | कूपाभ्याम् (kūpābhyām) | कूपेभ्यः (kūpebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | कूपात् (kūpāt) | कूपाभ्याम् (kūpābhyām) | कूपेभ्यः (kūpebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | कूपस्य (kūpasya) | कूपयोः (kūpayoḥ) | कूपानाम् (kūpānām) |
| locative | कूपे (kūpe) | कूपयोः (kūpayoḥ) | कूपेषु (kūpeṣu) |
| vocative | कूप (kūpa) | कूपौ (kūpau) कूपा¹ (kūpā¹) |
कूपाः (kūpāḥ) कूपासः¹ (kūpāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- कूपक (kūpaka)
Descendants
- Pali: kūpa, kūpaka
- Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯 (kūva), 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀬 (kūvaya)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “कूप”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 300/1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kupa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 176