गण्ड

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

गल्ल (galla)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

গণ্ড (Assamese script)
ᬕᬡ᭄ᬟ (Balinese script)
গণ্ড (Bengali script)
𑰐𑰜𑰿𑰚 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀕𑀡𑁆𑀟 (Brahmi script)
ဂဏ္ဍ (Burmese script)
ગણ્ડ (Gujarati script)
ਗਣ੍ਡ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌗𑌣𑍍𑌡 (Grantha script)
ꦒꦟ꧀ꦝ (Javanese script)
𑂏𑂝𑂹𑂙 (Kaithi script)
ಗಣ್ಡ (Kannada script)
គណ្ឌ (Khmer script)
ຄຓ຺ຑ (Lao script)
ഗണ്ഡ (Malayalam script)
ᡤᠠᢏᡷᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘐𑘜𑘿𑘚 (Modi script)
ᠺᠠᢏᢎᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦰𑦼𑧠𑦺 (Nandinagari script)
𑐐𑐞𑑂𑐜 (Newa script)
ଗଣ୍ଡ (Odia script)
ꢔꢠ꣄ꢞ (Saurashtra script)
𑆓𑆟𑇀𑆝 (Sharada script)
𑖐𑖜𑖿𑖚 (Siddham script)
ගණ‍්ඩ (Sinhalese script)
𑩞𑩪 𑪙𑩨 (Soyombo script)
𑚌𑚘𑚶𑚖 (Takri script)
க³ண்ட³ (Tamil script)
గణ్డ (Telugu script)
คณฺฑ (Thai script)
ག་ཎྜ (Tibetan script)
𑒑𑒝𑓂𑒛 (Tirhuta script)
𑨍𑨘𑩇𑨖 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Kannada ಗಂಟು (gaṇṭu, “joint of reed”), Telugu గంట (gaṇṭa, “a knot”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐɳ.ɖɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡɐɳ.ɖɐ/
Hyphenation: गण्‧ड

Noun

गण्ड • (gaṇḍá) stem, m

the cheek, the whole side of the face including the temple
a side
a bubble, boil, pimple
a goiter or any other excrescence of the neck
a joint, bone
the bladder
a mark, spot

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गण्ड
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गण्डः (gaṇḍáḥ)	गण्डौ (gaṇḍaú) गण्डा¹ (gaṇḍā́¹)	गण्डाः (gaṇḍā́ḥ) गण्डासः¹ (gaṇḍā́saḥ¹)
accusative	गण्डम् (gaṇḍám)	गण्डौ (gaṇḍaú) गण्डा¹ (gaṇḍā́¹)	गण्डान् (gaṇḍā́n)
instrumental	गण्डेन (gaṇḍéna)	गण्डाभ्याम् (gaṇḍā́bhyām)	गण्डैः (gaṇḍaíḥ) गण्डेभिः¹ (gaṇḍébhiḥ¹)
dative	गण्डाय (gaṇḍā́ya)	गण्डाभ्याम् (gaṇḍā́bhyām)	गण्डेभ्यः (gaṇḍébhyaḥ)
ablative	गण्डात् (gaṇḍā́t)	गण्डाभ्याम् (gaṇḍā́bhyām)	गण्डेभ्यः (gaṇḍébhyaḥ)
genitive	गण्डस्य (gaṇḍásya)	गण्डयोः (gaṇḍáyoḥ)	गण्डानाम् (gaṇḍā́nām)
locative	गण्डे (gaṇḍé)	गण्डयोः (gaṇḍáyoḥ)	गण्डेषु (gaṇḍéṣu)
vocative	गण्ड (gáṇḍa)	गण्डौ (gáṇḍau) गण्डा¹ (gáṇḍā¹)	गण्डाः (gáṇḍāḥ) गण्डासः¹ (gáṇḍāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: gaṇḍa
Prakrit: 𑀕𑀀𑀟 (gam̐ḍa)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Gujarati: ગાંડ (gā̃ḍ), ગાંડુ (gā̃ḍu)
    - Hindustani: gā̃ṛ, gā̃ṛū, gānḍ
      - Hindi: गाँड़, गाँड़ू, गांड
      - Urdu: گَاںڑ, گَاںڑُو, گَانڈ
    - Romani: gāro
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: গাঁৰ (gãr)
    - Bengali: গাঁড় (gãṛ), গাঁড়ি (gãṛi)
    - Bihari:
      - Maithili: गाँड़ि (gā̃ṛɨ)
    - Odia: ଗାଏଁଡ଼ (gāẽṛa)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Kumaoni: गान (gān), गाण (gāṇ), गाणि (gāṇi)
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Nepali: गाँण (gā̃ṇ), गाँडि (gā̃ḍi), गाँडु (gā̃ḍu)
    - Western Pahari:
      - Bhadrawahi: गण्ड (gaṇḍ), गान (gān)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ގަނޑު (gaⁿḍu)
    - Sinhalese: ගඩුව (gaḍuwa)
- Western:
  - Takka Apabhramsa:
    - Punjabi: gann, gannī, gāṇḍ
      Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਨ, ਗੰਨੀ, ਗੰਡ
      
      Shahmukhi script: گَنّ, گَنِّی, گَاڻڊ
      - Lahnda: گنه (gannh)
  - Vracada Apabhramsa:
    - Sindhi: g̠ani, g̠anri, gā̃ḍi
      Arabic script: ڳَنِ, ڳَنرِ, گَنڊِ
      
      Devanagari script: ॻनि, ॻन्रि, गाँडि
      - Kachchi: ગંઢો (gaṇḍho)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐɳ.ɖɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡɐɳ.ɖɐ/
Hyphenation: गण्‧ड

Noun

गण्ड • (gaṇḍa) stem, m

rhinoceros

Derived terms

Sanskrit: गण्डक (gaṇḍaka)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: gö̃ḍ
  Arabic script: گٔنڈ
  
  Devanagari script: गऺँड
Central:
- Hindustani: gaĩṛā
  - Hindi: गैँड़ा
  - Urdu: گَیںڑَا (ga͠iṛā)
    - → Dhivehi: ގެންޑާ (gen̊ḍā)
Eastern:
- Early Assamese: গণ্ড (goṇḍo)
  - Assamese: গঁড় (gõr)
- Kamta: গেঁড়া (gẽra)
Northern:
- Nepali: गैँडो (ga͠iḍo)
Northwestern:
- Punjabi: gaĩḍā|, gaĩḍī
  Gurmukhi script: ਗੈਂਡਾ, ਗੈਂਡੀ
  
  Shahmukhi script: گَیںڈَا, گَیںڈِی
- Sindhi: geṇḍo
  Arabic script: گيڻڊو
  
  Devanagari script: गेंडो
Eastern:
- Chakma: 𑄉𑄧𑄚𑄳𑄘 (gandā), 𑄉𑄧𑄚𑄴𑄘 (gandā)
Southern:
- Marathi: गेंडा (geṇḍā)
Western:
- Gujarati: ગેંડો (geṇḍo)
→ Portuguese: ganda

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gaṇḍá¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 213

^ F. C., Southworth (2011) Rice in Dravidian‎^[1], University of Pennsylvania.