ganda

See also: Ganda and gánda

Faroese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Verb

ganda (third person singular past indicative gandaði, supine gandað)

  1. to conjure, to bewitch, to jinx, to hex

Conjugation

Conjugation of (group v-30)
infinitive
supine gandað
present past
first singular gandi gandaði
second singular gandar gandaði
third singular gandar gandaði
plural ganda gandaðu
participle (a6)1 gandandi gandaður
imperative
singular ganda!
plural gandið!

1Only the past participle being declined.

Synonyms

Further reading

"ganda" at Sprotin.fo

Icelandic

Noun

ganda

  1. indefinite accusative plural of gandur
  2. indefinite genitive plural of gandur

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay ݢندا (ganda, “fold”),

Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)

  1. dual
  2. double
  3. fold
  4. multiple
Derived terms
  • berganda
  • berganda-ganda
  • diganda
  • digandakan
  • diperganda-gandakan
  • dipergandakan
  • ganda-berganda
  • memperganda-gandakan
  • mempergandakan
  • mengganda
  • menggandakan
  • pengganda
  • penggandaan
  • pergandaan

Compounds

  • ganda campuran

Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay ݢندا (ganda, “odour; perfume”), from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandá, “scent, smell”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰás (“smell”).

Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)

  1. scent, smell
    Synonym: bau

Compounds

  • ganda rasa

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Betawi ganda.

Adjective

ganda (comparative lebih ganda, superlative paling ganda)

  1. dare to fight
  2. able to do something easily

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Balinese [Term?]

Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)

  1. dry corn husk

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Moronene [Term?]

Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)

  1. distended stomach

Etymology 6

Borrowed from Malay [Term?] (Riau dialect).

Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)

  1. wood used as a support for a whetstone

Further reading

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

  • gande (e-infinitive)
  • gainnj, gainn, gannj (palatalization)

Etymology

Compare to Faroese ganda

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /²ɡɑndɑ/
  • IPA(key): /ɡɑɲː/ (Trøndelag dialect)

Verb

ganda (present tense gandar, past tense ganda, past participle ganda, passive infinitive gandast, present participle gandande, imperative ganda/gand)

  1. to conjure
  2. to use magic sending a sickness upon somebody
    Synonyms: forheksa, tauvra

References

Oromo

Noun

ganda

  1. village

Portuguese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡɐ̃.dɐ/

  • Hyphenation: gan‧da

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Bengali গন্ডার (gonḍar), from Sanskrit गण्ड (gaṇḍa).

Noun

ganda f (plural gandas)

  1. (dated, India) rhinoceros
    Synonyms: rinoceronte, abada (dated)

Etymology 2

Alteration of grande.

Adjective

ganda m or f (plural gandas)

  1. (Portugal, colloquial) large, big

Swahili

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Noun

ganda class V (plural maganda class VI)

  1. skin
  2. shell
  3. peel

Verb

-ganda (infinitive kuganda)

  1. to coagulate; freeze
    maziwa ya kuganda
    curdled milk
  2. to spoil (of food)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -ganda
Positive present -naganda
Subjunctive -gande
Negative -gandi
Imperative singular ganda
Infinitives
Positive kuganda
Negative kutoganda
Imperatives
Singular ganda
Plural gandeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huganda
Positive past positive subject concord + -liganda
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuganda
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naganda)
Singular Plural
1st person ninaganda/naganda tunaganda
2nd person unaganda mnaganda
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaganda wanaganda
other classes positive subject concord + -naganda
Negative present (negative subject concord + -gandi)
Singular Plural
1st person sigandi hatugandi
2nd person hugandi hamgandi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hagandi hawagandi
other classes negative subject concord + -gandi
Positive future positive subject concord + -taganda
Negative future negative subject concord + -taganda
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -gande)
Singular Plural
1st person nigande tugande
2nd person ugande mgande
3rd person m-wa(I/II) agande wagande
other classes positive subject concord + -gande
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sigande
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeganda
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeganda
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliganda
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliganda
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aganda)
Singular Plural
1st person naganda twaganda
2nd person waganda mwaganda
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aganda waganda
m-mi(III/IV) waganda yaganda
ji-ma(V/VI) laganda yaganda
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaganda vyaganda
n(IX/X) yaganda zaganda
u(XI) waganda see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwaganda
pa(XVI) paganda
mu(XVIII) mwaganda
Perfect positive subject concord + -meganda
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshaganda
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaganda
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiganda
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipoganda
Consecutive kaganda / positive subject concord + -kaganda
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kagande
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -niganda -tuganda
2nd person -kuganda -waganda/-kugandeni/-wagandeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mganda -waganda
m-mi(III/IV) -uganda -iganda
ji-ma(V/VI) -liganda -yaganda
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiganda -viganda
n(IX/X) -iganda -ziganda
u(XI) -uganda see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuganda
pa(XVI) -paganda
mu(XVIII) -muganda
Reflexive -jiganda
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -ganda- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -gandaye -gandao
m-mi(III/IV) -gandao -gandayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -gandalo -gandayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -gandacho -gandavyo
n(IX/X) -gandayo -gandazo
u(XI) -gandao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -gandako
pa(XVI) -gandapo
mu(XVIII) -gandamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -ganda)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeganda -oganda
m-mi(III/IV) -oganda -yoganda
ji-ma(V/VI) -loganda -yoganda
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choganda -vyoganda
n(IX/X) -yoganda -zoganda
u(XI) -oganda see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koganda
pa(XVI) -poganda
mu(XVIII) -moganda
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ɡanˈda/ [ɡɐn̪ˈd̪a]
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: gan‧da

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandhá, “aroma, fragrance”) with semantic shift, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰás (“smell”).

Noun

gandá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

  1. beauty
    Synonyms: kagandahan, dilag, karilagan
  2. splendor
    Synonyms: dikit, kariktan, dingal, karingalan
  3. fineness; excellence; fine quality (of someone's work, etc.)
    Synonyms: husay, kahusayan
  4. fineness; brightness (of weather)
    Synonyms: kaaliwalasan, kaliwanagan, kagandahan
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Probably from Sanskrit कन्द (kanda, “garlic; bulbous plant”). Compare Cebuano ganda.

Noun

gandá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

  1. garlic chive; Chinese chive
    Synonyms: kutsay, perero

Etymology 3

Noun

gandá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

  1. annual interest of a hundred percent on a loan
See also

Further reading

  • “ganda”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
  • San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎[1], La Noble Villa de Pila
    • page 26: “Adornar) Ganda [(pc)] alguna ymagen o nouia, o adorno de virtudes”
    • page 125: “Bueno) Ganda [(pc)] excelente y ſin ygual”
    • page 316: “Excelente) Ganda (pc) ſea lo que fuere”
    • page 351: “Hermoſura) Ganda (pc) aſi de cara como de arreo”
    • page 605: “Vſura) Ganda (pc) q̃ creçe de cada año”
  • Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 282

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