si-

si- (except before a/o sa-, class II first-person singular)

1. the direct object of an active transitive verb

   me

2. the subject of a stative intransitive verb

   I

3. indicates possession of a noun

   my

Class II person markers are used for possession only for a small set of words, mostly including kinship terms and body parts.

si-

1. First-person plural inclusive subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.

• IPA^(key): /sɪ̀-/

si-

1. Forms neuter perfective (adjectival) verbs

• Robert W. Young and William Morgan, Sr. (1987) The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary, Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, page 684.

si-

1. my, me

This is an alternative form of shi- which comes about in some words as a result of coronal harmony. See, for example, sikʼis, sitsilí. This once firm rule has become optional, and today most Navajo speakers actually prefer to ignore the rules of sibilant (coronal) harmony, especially when there is relatively greater distance between the 1st-person shi- and the alveolar sibilant in the root.

si-

1. Marks the third person singular/duoplural of si-perfective verbs, although it is typically realized as s- or z-

With the ∅- classifier:

With the ł- classifier:

With the ∅- classifier and coronal harmony:

With the ł- classifier and coronal harmony:

With the l- and d- classifiers:

With the l- and d- classifiers and coronal harmony:

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

si-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

si-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

si-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-kɪ̀-.

si-

1. Class 7 noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

si-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

si-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

si-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

Compare Old Javanese asi- (“emphatic particle”)

si- (Sundanese script ᮞᮤ-)

1. verb-forming prefix indicating an action done to oneself (reflexive verb)

   ‎si- + ‎beungeut → ‎sibeungeut (“to wash one's face”)

   ‎si- + ‎banyo → ‎sibanyo (“to wash one's hand”)

   ‎si- + ‎duru → ‎siduru (“to warm oneself near a fire”)

   ‎si- + ‎dakep → ‎sidakep (“to cross one's arm”)

• Appears to be no longer productive in contemporary Sundanese, as the words prefixed with si- are now considered their own words. This appears in conjugations like saribanyo or nyibeungeutan.^[1]

• "si-" in Maman Sumantri, Atjep Djamaludin, Achmad Patoni, R.H. Moch. Koerdie, M.O. Koesman, Epa Sjafei Adisastra. (1985) Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

si-

1. I do not, 1st person singular negative subject concord

   Antonym: ni-

si-

1. the negative emphatic copula or negative focusing copula: expresses "it is not" with an inflected object

   Antonym: ndi-

• Swahili grammar#Emphatic copula

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

si-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-kɪ̀-.

si-

1. Class 7 noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

si-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

si-

1. applicative prefix

si-

1. to drain

si-

1. to drain

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

si-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

si-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

sí-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-.

si-

1. Class 7 simple noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

sí-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “si-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “si-”