naazhzhóód
Navajo
Etymology
na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zhóód (neuter perfective stem of root -ZHÓÓD, “bulky object moves/lies”).
Verb
naazhzhóód
Usage notes
This verb is limited to expression in the third person and refers to multiple groups of separable items. Also occurs with distributive da- as ndaazhzhóód.
For a single group, use the verb shizhóód.
This is a neuter verb that uses only the perfective stem.
Conjugation
Paradigm: Neuter perfective (si), third person only.
| perfective | singular | plural | dist. plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd person | (shizhóód) | naazhzhóód | ndaazhzhóód |
Derived terms
See also
| Navajo Classificatory Themes | Plural objects lie around (Handle stem) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class | Examples | Handle | Propel | Moves | ||
| SRO | generic | ∅-ʼĄ́ | ∅-NEʼ | l-TSʼID | naazʼą́ | |
| SFO | rope; pairs; unknown; conglomerate |
∅-LÁ | ł / ∅ -DÉÉL | naazlá | ||
| FFO | sheet, paper | ł-TSOOZ | ∅-ʼAH | ∅-NAʼ | naastsooz | |
| SSO | stick, pole | ∅-TĄ́ | ł-TʼEʼ | ∅-KĘ́Ę́Z | naaztą́ | |
| AnO | animate, doll | ł-TĮ́ | ∅-GOʼ | ∅-TŁIZH | naaztį́ | |
| NCM | wig, hay; fog | ł / ł / ∅ -JOOL | naazhjool | |||
| MM | butter; frog | ∅-TŁÉÉʼ | ł-YĘ́Ę́ZH | naaztłééʼ | ||
| LPB | load, burden | ∅-YĮ́ | naazyį́ | |||
| PlO1 | severality | ∅-NIL | ni-∅ | -DEEʼ | naaznil | |
| PlO2 | profusion | ∅-JAAʼ | ł-KAAD | ∅-KAAD | naazhjaaʼ | |
| OC | severality/profusion in a container |
∅-KĄ́ | ł-DÁÁZ | naazką́ | ||
| Flat | toppled wall, blanket, bushes |
— | — | — | naazkaad | |
| Bulk | boulder | ł-ZHÓÓD | — | l-ZHÓÓD | naazhzhóód | |
| Stream | liquid, sand, dust | ∅-ZIID | — | — | naaziid | |
| Navajo Positional Themes | Plural objects in position (Intrans. Neuter) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Position | Number of participants |
Intransitive | Transitive | Root | |||
| Active | Neuter | Active | Neuter | ||||
| LIE | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -TĮ́ | naaztį́ |
| 2 | -TÉÉZH | naazhtéézh | |||||
| 3+ | -JÉÉʼ | naazhjééʼ | |||||
| SIT | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -DÁ | naazdá |
| 2 | -KÉ | naazké | |||||
| 3+ | dini-∅ | hí-(-TĄ́) | dini-ł | — | -BIN | naháaztą́ | |
| STAND | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -ZĮʼ | naazį́ |
References
- Robert W. Young and William Morgan, Sr. (1987) The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary, Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, page 602.