i-

From Middle English i-, y-, ȝe-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱó-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, near, by, along”). Cognate with Dutch ge-, Low German ge-, je-, e-, German ge-.

i-

1. (obsolete) Used to form past participles of verbs. Alternative spelling of y-.

From Latin ī-, assimilated form of in- used before gn-.

i-

1. A form of the prefix in-, used before gn, as in ignoble, ignominy, and ignore.

• (not): a-, an-, dys-, il-/im-/in-/ir-, mal-, non-, un-

i-

1. (Jamaica) Used to transform English words into words used by Rastafarians with a special meaning.

• Rastafarian on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Rastafarian I words on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

From Internet. Popularized in the name of the iMac line of computers (1998).

i-

2. Pertaining to the Internet.

   Coordinate terms: cyber-, e-

4. Pertaining to digital devices and computer programs, especially those that are cutting-edge or fashionable, and those from Apple.

   ‎i- + ‎pod → ‎iPod

   ‎i- + ‎phone → ‎iPhone

   ‎i- + ‎Mac → ‎iMac

   • 1999 November 1, Melissa August, “Ad Infinitum”, in Time, volume 154, page 39:

     I-WHAT?! Seems everyone's ripping off the iMac idea. Take this parody ad for the fruity-colored “iBrator” at sleeplessknights.com.

   • 2011, Scotty Smith, Everyday Prayers: 365 Days to a Gospel-Centered Faith, Baker Books, →ISBN, page 178:

     In our “iWorld” of new gadgets and cool widgets, help us to ponder the reality that over half of the population on the earth exists on three of our American dollars, or less, a day.

From intelligent

i-

1. Pertaining to computerized, electronic, digital, intelligent controls in products

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-

i-

1. Class 4 subject concord.

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-

i-

1. Class 9 subject concord.

• (first-person, we): IPA^(key): /iː/

ī- (before vowels il-, class I first-person plural)

1. the subject of an active transitive verb

   we

2. the subject of an active intransitive verb

   we

i-

1. second person plural agent marker

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

The i vowel common to other correlatives, such as ki- and ti-, without the defining consonant.

• Audio:

  (file)

i-

1. Any-, some-. (Indeterminate correlative prefix.)

• iu (“some individual, someone, somebody”)
• io (“some object, something”)
• ia (“some kind of”)
• ies (“belonging to some person, someone's”)
• iel (“some manner/degree, somehow”)
• ie (“some place, somewhere”)
• iam (“some time, sometime”)
• iom (“some quantity, some of”)
• ial (“for some reason”)

• IPA^(key): /i/

i-

2. marks the first-person plural exclusive ("we, but not you") subject on a verb

   ‎i- + ‎dibaia (“to spear”) → ‎idibaia (“we (excl.) speared it”)

• Oa, Morea and Ma`oni Paul. (2014-02-24). Tentative Grammar Description for the Gabadi Language. [working paper, draft created november 2013; editor: Eileen Gasaway]. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL International. Available online: [1]. For the prefix i-, see page 23, section "5.1.1 subject marking".

i-

1. Converts nouns into verbs: to + noun, and marks future tense
   • i- + baras (whip) → ibaras (to whip, will whip)
   • i- + Ivadoy (Ibaloi) → i-ivadoy (to speak Ibaloi, will speak in Ibaloi)
   • i- + ngaran (name) → ingaran (to name, to mention, will name, will mention)

• manpa- (directional/benefactive)
• pe- (causative)

Assimilated form of in-, before s- + consonant.

• IPA^(key): /i/
• Hyphenation: i-

i-

1. alternative form of in-

i-

1. Rōmaji transcription of い

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *i.

• IPA^(key): /i/

i-

1. (Kamnyu) our (plural possessive)

Japhug (Kamnyu) personal pronouns and possessive prefixes
Number	Person	Possessive prefixes	Free pronoun	Genitive
Singular	1st	a-	aʑo, aj	aʑɯɣ
	2nd	nɤ-	nɤʑo, nɤj	nɤʑɯɣ
	3rd	ɯ-	ɯʑo	ɯʑɤɣ
Dual	1st	tɕi-	tɕiʑo	tɕiʑɤɣ
	2nd	ndʑi-	ndʑiʑo	ndʑiʑɤɣ
	3rd		ʑɤni	ʑɤniɣɯ
Plural	1st	i-	iʑo, iʑora, iʑɤra	iʑɤɣ, iʑɤra ɣɯ
	2nd	nɯ-	nɯʑo, nɯʑora, nɯʑɤra	nɯʑɤɣ, nɯʑɤra ɣɯ
	3rd		ʑara	ʑaraɣ, ʑara ɣɯ
Generic		tɯ-	tɯʑo

i-

1. alternative form of mi-

i-

1. marker for a noun relating to instruments and tools

• wi-

Assimilated form of in-, before gn-.

i-

1. alternative form of in-

i-

1. prefix element of i- -ana

• an-

i-

1. alternative form of y-

i-

1. translocative, indicating motion away from the speaker
2. epenthetic vowel added to certain verb forms
3. alternative form of ka- (before o- and on-stems)

• Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 11
• Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 105, 173

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

i- (medial yi-)

1. they; class 4 subject concord.

Contracted from earlier ili-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

i-

1. Class 5 noun prefix; form of ili- used before stems of more than one syllable.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

i- (medial yi-)

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

i-

1. Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.

From Proto-West Germanic *iʀ, from Proto-Germanic *iz.

Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *íh₁ (emphatic particle).^[1]

• IPA^(key): /iː/

ī-

1. same, selfsame

• IPA^(key): /i/

i-

1. alternative form of ġe-

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

i- (medial yi-)

1. they; class 4 subject concord.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-n-.

i-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

i- (medial yi-)

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

i-

1. Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.

i-

1. Allomorph of in-, used before ⟨l⟩, ⟨m⟩, and ⟨n⟩.

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

i- (medial yi-)

1. they; class 4 subject concord.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

i- (medial yi-)

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

i-

1. alternative form of in-, used before l

Other scripts
Ajami	اِيْـ, اِـ

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́- and Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

i-

1. it, they; mi class_(IV)/n class_(IX) subject concord
   • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎^[2], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 12:

     هُيُوِ دُنِيَ اِيْنَ غُرُرِ ، دِيَ زَتَتَسِ هُزَدَمَيِْ،

     Huyui dunia ina ghururi? ndia za-tatasi huzandamaye?

     This world is deceitful, why follow its ways?

   • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:

     Ilikuwa kiasi cha saa moja-unusu ya usiku […]

     It was about half past seven in the night […]

2. verb-initial form of -i- (“it, them; mi class_(IV)/n class_(IX) object concord”)

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

i- (medial yi-)

1. they; class 4 subject concord.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

i- (medial yi-)

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔi/ [ʔɪ]
• Syllabification: i-

i- (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. benefactive trigger: to perform the action of the verb for someone or something (expresses various kinds of actions)

   ‎i- + ‎bili (“buy”) → ‎ibili (“to buy something for someone”)

   Ibili mo ako ng saging.

   Buy me bananas.

2. object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing (expresses various kinds of actions)

   ‎i- + ‎tapon (“throw”) → ‎itapon (“to throw”)

   Itapon mo iyan sa basurahan.

   Throw that to the garbage.

3. instrumental trigger: to use something for a certain purpose (expresses various kinds of actions)

   ‎i- + ‎sulat (“write”) → ‎isulat (“to use something for writing”)

   Isulat mo ng listahan ang lapis.

   Use the pencil to write a list.

• https://learningtagalog.com/grammar/verbs/verb_affixes/i_1.html
• https://learningtagalog.com/grammar/verbs/verb_affixes/i_2.html

• IPA^(key): /ʔi/

i-

1. (transitive) First person plural subject + third person singular object.
2. (transitive) Second person singular subject + third person inverse number object.
3. (transitive) Third person singular subject + third person inverse number object.
4. (transitive) Third person plural subject + third person singular object.
5. (formative) Third person plural subject.

i- (Jawi إ-)

1. (non-human) third-person singular clitic, it
2. (human) third-person plural clitic, they
3. (masculine) third-person singular possessive prefix, his

   Synonym: ai-

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

From Proto-Tocharian *jä-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to move”). Compare Tocharian B i-.

i-

1. to go

From Proto-Tocharian *jä-, whence also Tocharian A i-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to move”). Cognate with Latin eō and Polish iść, both of the same meaning. The preterite form of this term, mäs-, is from Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”), and as such the term is suppletive in conjugation.

i-

1. to go

• imāne (possibly)
• yalle
• yalñe
  • yalñetstse
  • yalñeṣṣe

• Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “i-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 65-66

• IPA^(key): /i/

i-

1. third-person singular clitic, he, she, it

   ico ― he sees

   pala ne ilamo ― this house is large

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

i- (medial yi-)

1. they; class 4 subject concord.

i-

1. Class 5 noun prefix; form of ili- used before stems of more than one syllable.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

i- (medial yi-)

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

• IPA^(key): [i-]

i-

1. (Caura River dialect) allomorph of y- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants
2. (Cunucunuma River dialect) allomorph of dh- (third-person prefix) used for non-deictic stems that begin with a consonant
3. forms part of the circumfix allomorphs of various adverbializers, i- -jai, i- -'da, and i- -emje, used for stems that begin with two consonants

• ù- in Southeast Yorùbá and some Central Yorùbá dialects such as Èkìtì and Ìjẹ̀ṣà.

IPA^(key): /ì/

ì-

1. abstract or instrument nominalizing prefix

Forms both abstract and concrete nouns:

• ì + ṣe "to do" → ìṣe "action"
• ì + gbálẹ̀ "to sweep floor" → ìgbálẹ̀ "broom"

• u- in Southeast Yorùbá and some Central Yorùbá dialects such as Èkìtì and Ìjẹ̀ṣà.

IPA^(key): /ī/

i-

1. non-gerundive nominalizing prefix

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

í- (medial yí-)

1. they; class 4 subject concord.

Contracted from earlier íli-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

î-

1. Class 5 noun prefix.

í-

1. Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

í- (medial yí-)

1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “i-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “i-”