Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ey-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁ey- (imperfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]

to go

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey- (36 c, 0 e)

*h₁éy-ti ~ *h₁y-énti (athematic root present)
*h₁e-h₁óy-e ~ *h₁e-h₁y-ḗr (stative)
- Proto-Germanic: *ijjē, *ijjēdun (past tense of *gāną, *ganganą)
  - Old English: ēode, ēodon
    - Middle English: yode
      - English: yode, yede
  - Gothic: 𐌹𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰 (iddja), 𐌹𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 (iddjēdun)
*h₁oy-ós (nominalization)^[4]
- Proto-Tocharian: [Term?] (“sheep, goat”)
  - Tocharian B: eye
*h₁i-tó-s
*h₁éy-mn̥ (“course, way”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háyma
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háyma
    - Sanskrit: एमन् (éman)
*h₁éy-ti-s ~ *h₁i-téy-s
*h₁ey-n-
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: aiñye (“traversable”)^[5]
*h₁ey-tw-om (verbal noun)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: aittäṃ (“forth”)^[6]
- Proto-Italic:
  - Oscan: eituam (“money, cattle”)
*h₁éy-tr̥ ~ *h₁i-tn-és (r/n-stem)
*h₁óy-to-s^[7]^[8]^[9]
- Proto-Celtic: *oitos
  - Old Irish: óeth
- Proto-Germanic: *aiþaz (see there for further descendants)
*h₁éy-wr̥ ~ *h₁i-wén-s^[10] (or descendants from *h₂i wa^[11])
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒄿𒉿𒅈 (i-wa-ar /⁠iwr̩⁠/, “in the manner of, like”) (with zero-grade from weak stem)
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hiwa (< *h₁i-wn̥?)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hiwa
    - Sanskrit: इव (iva, “in the manner of, like”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Albanian: *ainja
- Albanian: eja
Proto-Albanian: *eika
- Albanian: iki
Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒄿𒄿𒀀𒀜𒋫 (i-ya-at-ta /⁠iyatta⁠/)
Proto-Germanic:
- Old Norse: *eigra
  - Icelandic: eigra
Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀 (yaona, “way”)
    - → Persian: جن (jan, “side, way”) ^[12]
  - Northern Kurdish: -ê- (present stem of "hatin", "to come")
  - Persian: آی (ây) (present stem of (âmadan, “to come”)) (+ *ā-)
Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: एव (éva)
Phrygian: ειτου (eitou)
Proto-Tocharian: *jä-^[13]
- Tocharian A: i-
- Tocharian B: i-

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 161
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 232-233
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 220-230
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “eye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 98
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “aiñye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 109
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “aittäṃ”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 109
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “h₁óitos”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 408
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*oyto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 305
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aiþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 15
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “iu̯ar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 422-423
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 766
^ [3], Dehkoda Dictionary.
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “i-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 64-66

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 161

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 232-233

[3] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 220-230

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “eye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 98

[5] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “aiñye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 109

[6] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “aittäṃ”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 109

[7] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “h₁óitos”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 408

[8] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*oyto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 305

[9] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aiþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 15

[10] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “iu̯ar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 422-423

[11] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 766

[12] [3], Dehkoda Dictionary.

[13] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “i-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 64-66

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Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

See also

References