इव

Borrowed from Sanskrit इव (iva).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɪʋ/

इव • (iva) (Urdu spelling او)

1. (literary) thus
2. as
3. almost
4. like

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “इव”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

इव

1. Devanagari script form of iva (“like, as”)

Possibly cognate with Hittite 𒄿𒉿𒅈 (i-wa-ar /⁠iwar⁠/) and derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éy-wr̥ ~ *h₁i-wén-s, from *h₁ey- (“to go”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /i.ʋɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /i.ʋɐ/

इव • (iva)

1. like, in the same manner as (in this sense = यथा (yathā), and used correlatively to तथा (tathā))
   • (Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎^[1], Colombo, 2009:

     8. ප්‍රමාදමප්‍රමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ‍්ඩිතඃ
     ප්‍රඥාප්‍රසාදමාරුහ්‍ය ත්‍වශොකඃ ශොකිනීං ප්‍රජාම්
     පර්‍වතස‍්ථ ඉව භූමිෂ‍්ඨාන් ධීරො බාලානවෙක්‍ෂතෙ

     8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ
     Prajñāprasādamāruhya tvaśokaḥ śokinīṃ prajām
     Parvatastha iva bhūmiṣṭhān dhīro bālānavekṣate

     8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
     having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
     as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below.

     (literally, “8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
     having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
     as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools on the ground.”)

     (Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)

2. as it were, as if

   पथेव ― patheva ― as if on a path

3. in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion)
4. nearly, almost, about

   मुहूर्तम् इव ― muhūrtam iva ― almost an hour

5. so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction:)

   ईषद् इव ― īṣad iva ― just a little

   किंचिद् इव ― kiṃcid iva ― just a little bit

   न चिराद् इव ― na cirād iva ― very soon

6. (as a particle) connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb

   किम् इव ― kim iva ― what?

   कथम् इव ― katham iva ― how could that possibly be?

   क्वेव ― kveva ― where, I should like to know?

In the pada texts of the Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, and by native grammarians, इव (iva) is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands.

• → Hindi: इव (iva) (learned)
• Pali: iva, va

• Monier Williams (1899) “इव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 168.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “iva”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 197-198