-ki-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ki"

English

Infix

-ki-

  1. (pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -kin-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation

Derived terms

Anagrams

Swahili

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Etymology 1

Infix

-ki-

  1. (in second verb in a series) while, simultaneity marker
    Near-synonym: -na-
    niliwaona wakitembea ― I saw them walk
    1. (after -wa) continuous aspect marker
      nimekuwa nikiandika ― I have been writing
  2. when, if, conditional mood marker
    Antonym: -sipo-
    nikinunua ― if I buy
    ukienda Kenya ― if you go to Kenya
Conjugation
Conjugation of -ki-
singular plural
1st person niki- tuki-
2nd person uki- mki-
3rd
person 		m-wa(I/II) aki- waki-
m-mi(III/IV) uki- iki-
ji-ma(V/VI) liki- yaki-
ki-vi(VII/VIII) kiki- viki-
n(IX/X) iki- ziki-
u(XI) uki- see n(X) or ma(VI)
ku(XV/XVII) kuki-
pa(XVI) paki-
mu(XVIII) mki-

For more information, see Appendix:Swahili verbs.

See also

Swahili TAM markers
  • Initial
    • Positive infinitive: ku-/kw-1
    • Negative infinitive: kuto-
    • Habitual: hu-1
    • Telegrammic: ka-1
  • Final
    • General (positive indicative): -a
    • Positive subjunctive: -e
    • Negative present: -i
    • Second person plural: -ni
  • Infix position positive subject concord
    • Positive past: -li-
    • Positive present: -na-
    • Positive future: -ta-
    • Negative subjunctive: -si-1
    • Positive present conditional: -nge-
    • Negative present conditional: -singe-
    • Positive past conditional: -ngali-
    • Negative past conditional: -singali-
    • Gnomic: -a-1
    • Perfect: -me-
    • "Already" past: -lisha-
    • "Already" present: -mesha-/-sha-
    • "If/When": -ki-1
    • "If not": -sipo-
    • Consecutive: -ka-1
  • Infix position negative subject concord
    • Negative past: -ku-1
    • Negative future: -ta-
    • "Not yet": -ja-1
    • Negative present conditional: -nge-
    • Negative past conditional: -ngali-
  • Relative

1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs.

Etymology 2

Infix

-ki-

  1. it, ki class(VII) object concord
See also
Swahili verbal concords (third person)
class subject concord object concord relative
affirmative negative
m(I) a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- -ye
wa(II) wa- hawa- -wa- -o
m(III) u- hau- -u- -o
mi(IV) i- hai- -i- -yo
ji(V) li- hali- -li- -lo
ma(VI) ya- haya- -ya- -yo
ki(VII) ki- haki- -ki- -cho
vi(VIII) vi- havi- -vi- -vyo
n(IX) i- hai- -i- -yo
n(X) zi- hazi- -zi- -zo
u(XI) u- hau- -u- -o
ku(XV/XVII) ku- haku- -ku- -ko
pa(XVI) pa- hapa- -pa- -po
mu(XVIII) m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -mu- -mo

For a full table including first and second person,
see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns

Yoruba

Etymology

Compare with Arigidi -kí-, Ede Idaca -kú-

Interfix

-kí-

  1. adds the meaning "any" to a noun when inserted into the reduplicated form (sometimes used pejoratively to mean "bad")
    ọmọ (“child”) → ọmọkọ́mọ (“any child, bad child”)
    fìlà (“hat”) → fìlàkífìlà (“any hat”)
    ẹni (“one, person”) → ẹnikẹ́ni (“anyone”)
    ewé (“leaf”) → ewékéwé (“any leaf; bad leaf”)

Usage notes

For nouns that start with a vowel, the vowel in kí is deleted, but the high tone is retained. For nouns that start with a consonant, kí is inserted directly.

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