-ka-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ka"

Swahili

Other scripts
Ajami ـكَـ

Infix

-ka-

  1. consecutive marker (indicative and subjunctive)
    walikuja wakala ― they arrived and then they ate
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 17:
      اَسِفِدِ يَبُ اِلاَّ شَقَوَا ، اِكَوَ مَيُتُ يَسِ مْسِيِ
      Asifidi yambo ila shaqawa, ikawa mayuto yasi msiye.
      he gains nought but trouble and endless regret

Conjugation

Conjugation of -ka-
singular plural
1st person nika- tuka-
2nd person uka- mka-
3rd
person 		m-wa(I/II) aka- waka-
m-mi(III/IV) uka- ika-
ji-ma(V/VI) lika- yaka-
ki-vi(VII/VIII) kika- vika-
n(IX/X) ika- zika-
u(XI) uka- see n(X) or ma(VI)
ku(XV/XVII) kuka-
pa(XVI) paka-
mu(XVIII) mka-

For more information, see Appendix:Swahili verbs.

See also

Swahili TAM markers
  • Initial
    • Positive infinitive: ku-/kw-1
    • Negative infinitive: kuto-
    • Habitual: hu-1
    • Telegrammic: ka-1
  • Final
    • General (positive indicative): -a
    • Positive subjunctive: -e
    • Negative present: -i
    • Second person plural: -ni
  • Infix position positive subject concord
    • Positive past: -li-
    • Positive present: -na-
    • Positive future: -ta-
    • Negative subjunctive: -si-1
    • Positive present conditional: -nge-
    • Negative present conditional: -singe-
    • Positive past conditional: -ngali-
    • Negative past conditional: -singali-
    • Gnomic: -a-1
    • Perfect: -me-
    • "Already" past: -lisha-
    • "Already" present: -mesha-/-sha-
    • "If/When": -ki-1
    • "If not": -sipo-
    • Consecutive: -ka-1
  • Infix position negative subject concord
    • Negative past: -ku-1
    • Negative future: -ta-
    • "Not yet": -ja-1
    • Negative present conditional: -nge-
    • Negative past conditional: -ngali-
  • Relative

1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs.

Tumbuka

Etymology

Compare with Chichewa -na-.

Infix

-ka-

  1. Forms the past tense in verbs.
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