ik

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ik"

Translingual

Symbol

ik

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Inupiaq.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Inupiaq terms

English

Phrase

ik

  1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Alternative letter-case form of IK.

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ək/

Pronoun

ik

  1. (Cape Afrikaans or archaic) alternative form of ek

Albanian

Verb

ik

  1. second-person singular imperative of iki

Angguruk Yali

Noun

ik

  1. water

References

Bergish

Alternative forms

  • ek (Barmen (Wuppertal))

Pronoun

ik

  1. (Mölmsch) I (first person pronoun)

Further reading

  • H. K. vam Hingberg (that's H. Kühne), Ut auler un neier Tied. Erzählungen in niederdeutscher Mundart [From old and new times (in Low Franconian, more specifically Mölmsch). Stories in Low German dialect (in Standard High German)], 1872 (vol. I)

Danish

Adverb

ik

  1. alternative form of ik'

Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm. Compare German ich, Low German ik, West Frisian ik, English I, Danish jeg. See I (English, etymology 3).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (stressed) /ɪk/, (unstressed) /ək/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ik
  • Rhymes: -ɪk

Pronoun

ik

  1. I; first-person singular subjective personal pronoun
    Ik hou van jou. ― I love you.

Declension

Dutch personal pronouns
subject object possessive reflexive genitive5
singular full unstr. full unstr. full unstr. pred.
1st person ik 'k1 mij me mijn m'n1 mijne me mijner, mijns
2nd person jij je jou je jouw je jouwe je jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
3rd person masculine hij ie1 hem 'm1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine zij ze haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 hare zich harer, haars
3rd person neuter het 't1 het 't1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person gender-neutral8 hen – hen – hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
plural
1st person wij we ons – ons, onze2 – onze ons onzer, onzes
2nd person jullie je jullie je jullie je – je –
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
3rd person zij ze hen3, hun4 ze hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
1) Not as common in written language.
2) Inflected as an adjective.
3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
6) To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people"). 		7) Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'
8) Not officially recognized in standard Dutch. It has gained popularity, especially in mainstream media and queer circles, as a respectful term for non-binary individuals.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: ek
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
  • Jersey Dutch: äk
  • Petjo: ik
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: ek

References

  1. ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “ik”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN

German Low German

Alternative forms

  • (enclitic) -'k, 'k
  • (Waldeckisch, when strongly emphasised; scientific spelling) ikə
  • ick
  • (as alternative form of ick, enclitic) 'ck
  • (as alternative form of ick, when strongly emphasised, rare) icke
  • (Eastphalia, Lippe, County of Mark, Ruhr area) ek, eck
  • (Low Prussian) öck, eck

Etymology

From Middle Low German ik, from Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪk/

Pronoun

ik

  1. (most northern and western dialects) I (first person singular pronoun)
    Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
    I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, vidi, vici. Attributed to Julius Caesar.)

Declension

In Störmede:[1]

1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative ik diu hoi soi iät
(Genitive) (van meune) (van deune) (van seune) (van iähre) (van seune)
Dative meu deu iähne iähr iähne
Accusative soi iät
Plural Nominative weu jeu soi
(Genitive) (van use) (van jiue) (van iähre)
Dative us jiu iähnen
Accusative soi
  • mien (“my, mine”, possessive); mi (“me”, dative (also generally used in place of the accusative)); mik; wi pl (“we”)
  • Sauerländisch: mey, mik
  • Paderbornisch: mey/my, mik; plural: wey/wy

See also

  • (Plautdietsch) ekj, etj

References

  1. ^ Franz Kemper: Stürmeder Platt: Wi et lutt düt un dat. 1998, p. 18

Gothic

Romanization

ik

  1. romanization of 𐌹𐌺

Iberian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Unknown. Potentially can be related to Basque hi (“you”)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪk/

Pronoun

ik

  1. my (firt person singular possessive)
    teŕ ke kin eŕ tin ik u
    A powerful achievement to complete my aspirations
  2. self
    baŕ kar baŕ ka ik e
    Outstanding authority, the result of outstanding self-control
  3. own
    lokaŕ ik ge etan
    within reach through (her) own effort

References

  • Villamor, Fernando (2020) A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language

Kaqchikel

Noun

ik

  1. sun
  2. chili

Kiautschou German Pidgin

Pronoun

ik

  1. I (first person singular pronoun)

Latvian

Adverb

ik

  1. every

Marshallese

Noun

ik

  1. alternative spelling of ek

Middle English

Etymology

From Old English ic, perhaps with influence from Old Norse ek; both from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm (“I”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ik/

Pronoun

ik

  1. (chiefly Northern dialectal) alternative form of I
    • circa 1300, Homilies:
      Forthi wil I of my pouert, Schau sum thing that ik haf in hert, [...]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • circa 1300, Cursor Mundi:
      Her ik haf a litil spend, In word eftir þat ik entend, [...]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • circa 1390, Chaucer:
      But ik am oold me list not pleye for age.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

Middle Low German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Saxon ik

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪk/, /ik/

Pronoun

ik

  1. I (first person singular nominative)

Declension

Middle Low German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
singular 1st person ik (ek) mî (mê, mik, mek) mîn (mîner)
2nd person dû dî (dê, dik, dek) dîn (dîner)
3rd person m hê (hî, hie) ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) ēme, em (ȫme, en) sîn (sîner)
n it (et)
f sê (sî, sie, sü̂) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
plural 1st person wî (wê, wie) uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) unser (ûser)
2nd person gî (jê, î) jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person sê (sî, sie) em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

Descendants

Mokilese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈik/

Noun

ik

  1. tail

Inflection

Possessive forms of ik (tight inalienable possession, -i stem)
singular
possessor 		first person ikihoa
second person ikimwen
third person ikin
dual
possessors 		first person inclusive ikisa
first person exclusive ikima
second person ikimwa
third person ikira
plural
possessors 		first person inclusive ikisai
first person exclusive ikimai
second person ikimwai
third person ikirai
remote plural
possessors 		first person inclusive ikihs
first person exclusive ikimi
second person ikimwi
third person ikihr
construct form ikin

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm.

Compare Dutch ik, German Low German ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪk/

Pronoun

ik (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring, Sylt)

  1. I (first-person singular personal pronoun)

Alternative forms

  • 'k (reduced form)

See also

Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
personal possessive
subject case object case masculine referent feminine / neuter referent plural referent
full reduced full reduced attributive independent
singular 1st ik 'k mi man min minen
2nd dü – di dan din dinen
3rd m hi 'r ham 'n san sin sinen
f or n hat at, 't at, 't
plural 1st wi 'f üs üüs üüsen
üsens
2nd jam 'm jam jau jauen
jamens
3rd jo 's jo 's hör hören
hörens
  • The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
  • At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
  • Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör.
  • Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.
  • The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.
Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)
personal possessive
subject case object case masculine
referent 		feminine / neuter / plural
referent
full reduced full reduced
singular 1st ik 'k me man min
2nd dü – de dan din
3rd m hi 'r ham 'n san sin
f jü 's har 's harn har
n hat et, 't ham et, 't san sin
plural 1st we üs üüsen üüs
2nd jam 'm jam jarnge
3rd ja 's ja, jam 's jare

The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual forms wat / unk and jat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)
personal possessive
subject case object case singular
referent 		plural referent
full reduced full reduced attributive independent
singular 1st ik 'k mi min minen
2nd dü – di din dinen
3rd m hi 'r höm 'n sin sinen
f jü 's höör 's höör höören
n hat et, 't höm et, 't sin sinen
dual 1st wat unk unk unken
2nd at junk junk junken
3rd jat jam 's jaar jaaren
plural 1st wü üüs üüs üüsen
2nd i juu juu juuen
3rd ja 's jam 's jaar jaaren
  • The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
  • Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
  • The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
  • Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

Old Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ik.

Pronoun

ik

  1. I
    • c. 900 CE, Die altmittel- und altniederfränkischen Psalmen und Glossen [The Old Middle and Old Low Franconian psalms and glosses]:
      In ne kēre antsceine thīn fan cnapin thīnin wanda ic gewītenot wirthon sniumo gihōri mī
      And hide not thy face from thy servant; for I am in trouble: hear me speedily. (Psalms 69:17; KJV)

Declension

Old Dutch personal pronouns
1st person Singular Plural
Nominative ik, ic, ih wī, wīr
Accusative mī, mik, *mic uns, unsig
Genitive mīn unsa, *unser
Dative mī uns, unsig
2nd person Singular Plural
Nominative thu, tu gī, ir
Accusative thī, thik, *thic iu,
Genitive thīn iuwa, *iuwer
Dative thī iu
3rd person Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hē, hie sia it
Accusative imo sia it
Genitive sīn, is iro is
Dative imo iro imo
Plural
Nominative sia, sie (masc. plur.)
Accusative sia, sie (masc. plur.)
Genitive iro
Dative im

Descendants

  • Middle Dutch: ic, icke
    • Dutch: ik, ick, ikke (informal or childish)
      • Afrikaans: ek
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
      • Jersey Dutch: äk
      • Petjo: ik
      • Skepi Creole Dutch: ek

Further reading

  • “ik”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm.

Compare Old English iċ, Old Saxon ik, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).

Pronoun

ik (accusative mī, genitive mīn, dative mī)

  1. I

Declension

Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
nominative accusative dative genitive
singular 1st person ik mī mī mīn
2nd person thū thī thī thīn
3rd
person 		m hī hine him sīn
f hiū, hiō hiā hire, hiāre hire, hiāre
n hit hit him sīn
plural 1st person wī ūs ūs ūser
2nd person jī jū, jō jū, jō jūwer
3rd person hiā hiā him, hirem, hiārem hira, hiāra

Descendants

  • North Frisian: ick, ik
  • Saterland Frisian: iek
  • West Frisian: ik

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm.

Compare Old Dutch ik, Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).

Pronoun

ik

  1. I
    • 9th c. Heliand, verse 1977
      ...thene williu ek eft ōgean far [ōgun godes],...
      ...I want to show him again in front of God's eyes...

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
singular 1st person ik mī, me, mik mī mīn
2nd person thū thī, thik thī thīn
3rd
person 		m hē ina imu is
f siu sia iru ira
n it it is
dual 1st person wit unk unkero, unka
2nd person git ink inker, inka
plural 1st person wī, we ūs, unsik ūs ūser
2nd person gī, ge eu, iu, iuu euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera
3rd
person 		m sia im iro
f sia
n siu

Descendants

  • Middle Low German: ik, ek

Pass Valley Yali

Noun

ik

  1. water

References

Pwaamèi

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.

Noun

ik

  1. louse

References

  • Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1999), page 52

Salar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *īk. Cognate with Azerbaijani iy, Turkish iğ, Turkmen īk.

Pronunciation

  • (Shixiang, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): [ix]

Noun

ik

  1. spindle

References

  • Potanin, G.N. (1893) “их”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian), page 427

Tobian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *Sikan.

Noun

ik

  1. Fish

Alternative forms

Vandalic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ek

Pronoun

ik

  1. I

References

Wastek

Noun

ik

  1. wind

References

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪk/
  • (unstressed) IPA(key): /k/

Pronoun

ik

  1. I (first person singular nominative pronoun)

Inflection

West Frisian personal pronouns and possessives
personal possessive
subject case object case determiner pronoun
normal reflexive
singular 1st ik my mysels myn mines
2nd informal do, dû1 dy dysels dyn dines
formal jo jo josels jo jowes
3rd m hy him himsels syn sines
f sy, hja1 har harsels har harres
n it it himsels syn sines
plural 1st wy ús ússels ús uzes
2nd jim(me) jim(me) jimsels, jinsels jim(me) jimmes
3rd sy, hja1 har(ren) harsels har(ren) harres

1 Now mostly archaic and unused.

Further reading

  • “ik (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Woiwurrung

Alternative forms

  1. eek[1]

Determiner

ik

  1. First-person singular possessive determiner. See Appendix:Possessive#English.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_aborigines_of_Victoria_-_with_notes_relating_to_the_habits_of_the_natives_of_other_parts_of_Australia_and_Tasmania_%28IA_b24885228_0002%29.pdf
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://culturalcommons.edu.au/wurrungik-dhumbunjan-i-speak-my-language/

Zealandic

Pronoun

ik

  1. I
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