jouw

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jɑu̯/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: jouw
  • Rhymes: -ɑu̯
  • Homophone: jou

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch juwe, from Old Dutch *jūwa, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iuwa, from Proto-West Germanic *iuwar, from Proto-Germanic *izweraz. Doublet of uw.

Determiner

jouw (dependent possessive, independent possessive jouwe, contracted form je)

  1. your; second-person singular possessive determiner
Usage notes
  • The form jouwe has a variant joune which is occasionally encountered in very informal speech, but this usage is widely considered to be incorrect.
  • See the usage notes at uw.
Declension
Dutch personal pronouns
subject object possessive reflexive genitive5
singular full unstr. full unstr. full unstr. pred.
1st person ik 'k1 mij me mijn m'n1 mijne me mijner, mijns
2nd person jij je jou je jouw je jouwe je jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
3rd person masculine hij ie1 hem 'm1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine zij ze haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 hare zich harer, haars
3rd person neuter het 't1 het 't1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person gender-neutral8 hen – hen – hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
plural
1st person wij we ons – ons, onze2 – onze ons onzer, onzes
2nd person jullie je jullie je jullie je – je –
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
3rd person zij ze hen3, hun4 ze hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
1) Not as common in written language.
2) Inflected as an adjective.
3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
6) To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people"). 		7) Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'
8) Not officially recognized in standard Dutch. It has gained popularity, especially in mainstream media and queer circles, as a respectful term for non-binary individuals.
Descendants
  • Jersey Dutch: jāu

Etymology 2

Interjection

jouw

  1. Expression of scorn.

Noun

jouw m (uncountable)

  1. a jeer
Derived terms

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

jouw

  1. inflection of jouwen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative
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