jou

See also: jo'u and Jou

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jœu̯/

Alternative forms

  • djou (Cape Afrikaans)

Etymology 1

From Dutch jou. Also related to English you.

Pronoun

jou (subject jy)

  1. you (singular, object)

See also

Afrikaans personal pronouns
subjective objective possessive
determiner 		possessive
pronoun
singular 1st ek my myne
2nd jy jou joune
2nd, formal u u s’n
3rd masc hy hom sy syne
fem sy haar hare
neut dit sy syne
plural 1st ons ons s’n
2nd julle / jul1 julle s’n
3rd hulle / hul1 hulle s’n
1 The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence.

Etymology 2

From Dutch jouw.

Determiner

jou

  1. your (singular)
    • 2016, “In Jou Atmosfeer”, in Sal Jy Met My Dans?‎[1], performed by Kurt Darren, South Africa:
      In jou atmosfeer.
      In your atmosphere.

See also

Afrikaans personal pronouns
subjective objective possessive
determiner 		possessive
pronoun
singular 1st ek my myne
2nd jy jou joune
2nd, formal u u s’n
3rd masc hy hom sy syne
fem sy haar hare
neut dit sy syne
plural 1st ons ons s’n
2nd julle / jul1 julle s’n
3rd hulle / hul1 hulle s’n
1 The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence.

Baltic Romani

Alternative forms

Pronoun

jou (third person masculine singular, nominative case)

  1. (Litovska) he

Declension

Litovska/Lithuanian Romani personal pronouns
singular plural reflexive
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m f
Nominative mē tu jou joj amē tumē jonē -
Accusative/
Independent Oblique 		man tut lēs la amēn tumēn lēn pes
Dative mange tuke lēske lake amēnge tumēnge lēnge pēske
Ablative [1] mandyr tutyr lēstyr latyr amēndyr tumēndyr lēndyr pēstyr
Genitive m miro tyro lēskiro lakiro amaro tumaro lēngiro pēskiro
f miri tyri lēskiri lakiri amari tumari lēngiri pēskiri
pl mirē tyrē lēskirē lakirē amarē tumarē lēngirē pēskirē
Locative mandē tutē lēstē latē amēndē tumēndē lēndē pēstē
Instrumental mansa tusa lēsa lasa amēnca tumēnca lēnsa pēsa
Enclitic Reflexive man pe amēn pe -
  1. ^ The ablative is in decline in Lithuanian Romani

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan jou, from Latin iugum (compare Occitan jo, French joug, Spanish yugo), from Proto-Italic *jugom, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈʒow]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈd͡ʒɔw]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

jou m (plural jous)

  1. (agriculture, also figuratively) yoke
  2. col (between mountains)
  3. (nautical) transom (type of structural beam)

Derived terms

Further reading

Champenois

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old French jor, from Late Latin diurnum.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʒu/

Noun

jou m (plural jous)

  1. (Troyen, Langrois) day

References

  • Daunay, Jean (1998) Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne)‎[2] (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes
  • Baudoin, Alphonse (1885) Glossaire de la forêt de Clairvaux‎[3] (in French), Troyes

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jɑu̯/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: jou
  • Rhymes: -ɑu̯
  • Homophone: jouw

Pronoun

jou

  1. you; second-person singular objective personal pronoun
    Ik zal dit wel even doen voor jou. ― I'll do this for you.
    Kan ik jou iets vragen?
    Can I ask you something?
    Ik geef jou mijn boek om te lezen.
    I'm giving you my book to read.
    Zij heeft een cadeau voor jou gekocht.
    She bought a gift for you.
  2. misspelling of jouw (“your”)

Usage notes

  • In informal language, mostly replaced by the unstressed form je, with the form jou used for emphasis or contrast.
Hoe gaat het met je? — Goed. En met jou?
How are you? — I'm good. What about you?
Heb je zijn telefoonnummer voor me? — Dat mag ik je eigenlijk niet geven, maar voor jou maak ik graag een uitzondering.
Could you give me his phone number? — I'm not really supposed to give it out to you, but for you I'll gladly make an exception.
  • Used in familiar settings. The polite counterpart is u.

Declension

Dutch personal pronouns
subject object possessive reflexive genitive5
singular full unstr. full unstr. full unstr. pred.
1st person ik 'k1 mij me mijn m'n1 mijne me mijner, mijns
2nd person jij je jou je jouw je jouwe je jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
3rd person masculine hij ie1 hem 'm1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine zij ze haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 hare zich harer, haars
3rd person neuter het 't1 het 't1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person gender-neutral8 hen – hen – hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
plural
1st person wij we ons – ons, onze2 – onze ons onzer, onzes
2nd person jullie je jullie je jullie je – je –
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
3rd person zij ze hen3, hun4 ze hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
1) Not as common in written language.
2) Inflected as an adjective.
3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
6) To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people"). 		7) Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'
8) Not officially recognized in standard Dutch. It has gained popularity, especially in mainstream media and queer circles, as a respectful term for non-binary individuals.

Alternative forms

Derived terms

  • jouzelf

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: jou
  • Jersey Dutch: jāu
  • Petjo: jou
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: asu

Verb

jou

  1. inflection of jouen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative

Finnish

Etymology

< English yo

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈjou̯/, [ˈjo̞u̯]
  • Rhymes: -ou
  • Syllabification(key): jou
  • Hyphenation(key): jou

Interjection

jou (slang)

  1. yo (greeting)

Anagrams

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French jour.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʒu/

Noun

jou

  1. day

Japanese

Romanization

jou

  1. The hiragana syllable じょう (jou) or the katakana syllable ジョウ (jou) in Hepburn romanization.

Kalo Finnish Romani

Pronoun

jou

  1. he

References

  • “jou” in Finnish Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.

Loloda

Alternative forms

Etymology

From older jo'u, ultimately from Proto-North Halmahera (likely of the form *ḋohu); compare Galela ḋohu, Tabaru dou, Sahu rou, Tidore yohu.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒo.u/

Noun

jou

  1. the foot, lower leg

References

  • M. J. van Baarda (1904) Het Lòda'sch, in vergelijking met het Galėla'sch dialect op Halmaheira

Mbyá Guaraní

Verb

jou

  1. to find
  2. to obtain

Conjugation

    Conjugation of jou
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person
inclusive 		1st person
exclusive 		2nd person 3rd person
xee ajou ndee erejou ha'e ojou nhande jajou ore orojou peẽ pejou ha'e ojou

Old French

Pronoun

jou

  1. alternative form of je

Romansch

Pronoun

jou (Sutsilvan)

  1. alternative form of jau (“I”)

Saterland Frisian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /joːu̯/
  • Hyphenation: jou
  • Rhymes: -oːu̯

Etymology 1

From Old Frisian jūwe, from Proto-West Germanic *iuwar, from Proto-Germanic *izweraz. Cognates include West Frisian jim and German euer.

Determiner

jou (predicative jouens)

  1. your
See also
Saterland Frisian possessives
possessive determiners possessive pronouns
masculine
referent 		other
referent 		masculine
referent 		other
referent
singular 1st min mien minnen mienen
2nd din dien dinnen dienen
3rd m or n sin sien sinnen sienen
f hiere hierens
plural 1st uus uzen
2nd jou jouens
3rd hiere hierens

Etymology 2

From Old Frisian jō, from Proto-West Germanic *iuwiz, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz. Cognates include West Frisian jo and German euch.

Pronoun

jou

  1. yourselves
See also
Saterland Frisian reflexive pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person
singular mie die sik
plural uus jou

Pronoun

jou

  1. oblique of jie; you
See also
Saterland Frisian personal pronouns
subject case object case
stressed unstressed
singular 1st iek mie
2nd du die
3rd m hie er him
f ju ze hier
n dät et dät
plural 1st wie uus
2nd jie jou
3rd jo ze hier

References

  • Marron C. Fort (2015) “jou”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Ternate

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒo.u/

Noun

jou

  1. alternative spelling of joou (“lord”)

References

  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Toba Batak

Verb

jou (active manjou)

  1. (transitive) to call

References

  • J. Warneck (1906) Tobabataksch-Deutsches Wörterbuch‎[4], Batavia: Landsdrukkerij, page 57

West Frisian

Verb

jou

  1. first-person singular present of jaan (to give)
  2. imperative of jaan (to give)
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