iru

See also: Appendix:Variations of "iru"

English

Etymology

From Yoruba irú.

Noun

iru (uncountable)

A West African condiment made from fermented locust beans.

Anagrams

Rui, URI, Uri, uri

Big Nambas

**Big Nambas cardinal numbers**
< 1	2	3 >
Cardinal : iru

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *rua, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa. Initial i- is verbal, as with other numbers.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /iru/

Numeral

iru

two

References

Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Verb

iru

imperative of iri

Japanese

Romanization

iru

Rōmaji transcription of いる

Kikuyu

Etymology

Hinde (1904) records iru as an equivalent of English knee in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also Kamba iyu as its equivalent.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ìɾǔꜜ/

As for Tonal Class, Armstrong (1940) classifies this term into ɲamo class which includes nyamũ, gũtũ, guka, mũguĩ, mũgwacĩ, mũtwe, rũkũ, ũta, taata (“my aunt”), Kariũki (“man's name”), etc.^[2] Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 3 with a monosyllabic stem, together with rũkũ, and so on.

(Kiambu)

(Limuru) As for Tonal Class, Yukawa (1981) classifies this term into a group including baba, guka, gũtũ, mũguĩ, mũtwe, nyamũ, ruo, rũhĩ (pl. hĩ), rũkũ (pl. ngũ), taata (“my aunt”), ũta (pl. mota), ũthiũ (pl. mothiũ), and so on.^[3]

Noun

iru class 5 (plural maru)

knee^[2]^[4]

Derived terms

(Proverbs)

nyama ya mbũri ndiunagwo na iru

References

^ Hinde, Hildegarde (1904). Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu languages of East Africa, pp. 34–35. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
^ Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.
^ Muiru, David N. (2007). Wĩrute Gĩgĩkũyũ: Marĩtwa Ma Gĩgĩkũyũ Mataũrĩtwo Na Gĩthũngũ, pp. 11, 34.

“iru” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hiz.

Pronoun

iru

her

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns
			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person		ik	mī, me, mik	mī	mīn
	2nd person		thū	thī, thik	thī	thīn
	3rd person	m	hē	ina	imu	is
		f	siu	sia	iru	ira
		n	it		it	is

dual	1st person		wit	unk		unkero, unka
dual	2nd person		git	ink		inker, inka

plural	1st person		wī, we	ūs, unsik	ūs	ūser
	2nd person		gī, ge	eu, iu, iuu		euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera
	3rd person	m	sia		im	iro
		f	sia
		n	siu

Ternate

Etymology

Ultimately from Old Javanese irus (“ladle made of a half coconut-shell”). Cognate with Tobelo iruhu (“id”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈ(ʔ)i.ru/

Noun

iru

spoon, ladle, especially one made from a coconut shell

References

Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Yoruba

Alternative forms

urú (Ekiti)

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ī.ɾú/

Noun

irú

type, kind, sort
Synonym: ríṣi

Irú ẹja wo leléyìí? ― Which type of fish is this?
breed
Synonym: ẹ̀yà

Derived terms

irúfẹ́
irúkírú
onírúurú (“variety”)

Etymology 2

Cognate with Igala úlú, probably derived from Proto-Yoruboid *ú-lú

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ī.ɾú/

Noun

irú

seed
Synonym: irúgbìn

Derived terms

irúgbàá
irúgbìn (“seed”)
ìrúlá (“okra seed”)

Etymology 3

From Clipping of irúgbàá, ultimately from irú (“seed”) +‎ ìgbá (“the tree Parkia biglobosa”), literally “seed of the Parkia biglobosa”.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ī.ɾú/

Noun

irú

fermented locust beans used in cooking.
Synonyms: irúgbàá, irúgbàá àbàtà

Derived terms

ẹlẹ́nu irú

Descendants

→ English: iru

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ī.ɾù/

Noun

irù

tsetse fly

Etymology 5

See Urhobo úrhúrhu

Alternative forms

ùrù (Ekiti)
ùù (Ondo)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ì.ɾù/

Noun

ìrù

tail

Derived terms

ìrùkẹ̀rẹ̀

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ì.ɾú/

Noun

ìrú

loyalty, allegiance; especially to a higher authority
strenuous effort or labor
Synonym: ìlàkàkà

[hh1904-1] Hinde, Hildegarde (1904). Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu languages of East Africa, pp. 34–35. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[lea1940-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).

[yy1981-3] Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.

[4] Muiru, David N. (2007). Wĩrute Gĩgĩkũyũ: Marĩtwa Ma Gĩgĩkũyũ Mataũrĩtwo Na Gĩthũngũ, pp. 11, 34.

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