Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/iz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ís, *éy.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

*iz

  1. he, she, it, they; 3rd person personal pronoun

Inflection

Declension of *iz (irregular)
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *iz *sī *it *īz *ijôz *ijō
accusative *inǭ *ijǭ *it *inz *ijōz *ijō
genitive *es *ezōz *es *ezǫ̂ *ezǫ̂ *ezǫ̂
dative *immai *ezōi *immai *imaz *imaz *imaz
instrumental *inō *ezō *inō *imiz *imiz *imiz

See also

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *iʀ
    • Old English: ī- (“self; same”, prefix)
    • Old Frisian: -er, -ere
      • Saterland Frisian: er
      • West Frisian: er
    • Old High German: ēr
      • Middle High German: ër
  • Old Norse: es, er
    • Faroese: er
    • Icelandic: er
    • Old Swedish: ær
  • Gothic: 𐌹𐍃 (is)
  • Crimean Gothic: ies
From inflected forms

Nominative

  1. *sī (singular feminine) (< *síh₂)
  2. *it (singular neuter) (< *íd) (see there for further descendants)
  3. *īz (plural masculine) (< *éyes)
  4. *ijôz (plural feminine) (< *íh₂es)
  5. *ijō (plural neuter) (< *íh₂)

Accusative

  1. *inǭ (singular masculine) (< *ím)
  2. *ijǭ (singular feminine) (< [Term?])
  3. *it (singular neuter) (< *íd) (see there for further descendants)
  4. *inz (plural masculine) (< *íns)
  5. *ijōz (plural feminine) (< [Term?])
  6. *ijō (plural neuter) (< *íh₂)

Genitive

  1. *es (singular masculine, singular neuter) (< *ésyo)
  2. *ezōz (singular feminine) (< *ésyeh₂s)
  3. *ezǫ̂ (plural, all genders) (< *éysom)

Dative

  1. *immai (singular masculine, singular neuter) (< *ésmey)
  2. *ezōi (singular feminine) (< *ésyeh₂ey)
  3. *imaz (plural, all genders) (< [Term?])
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