Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/werǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*werǵ-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

to make

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ- (25 c, 0 e)

*wr̥ǵ-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)
*wérǵ-e-ti (thematic present)
- Proto-Celtic: *wregeti (see there for further descendants) (through schwebeablaut)^[4]
*we-wórǵ-e ~ *we-wr̥ǵ-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔοργε (éorge)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan:
      Old Avestan: 𐬬𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋𐬌 (vāuuər^əzōi, 3sg.perf.med.)
      
      Younger Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀 (vauuar^əza, 3sg.perf.act.)
*werǵ-éh₂
- Proto-Celtic: *wergā (“anger”) (see there for further descendants)
*worǵ-éh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *worgā́ (“temper; anger, passion”)
  - Ancient Greek: ὀργή (orgḗ)
    - Greek: οργή (orgí)
*werǵ-o-s
- Proto-Celtic: *wergos (adj.) (see there for further descendants)
*worǵ-ó-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *worgós, *-worgós (“worker, maker”)
  - Ancient Greek: -ουργός (-ourgós)
  - Mycenaean Greek: -𐀺𐀒 (-wo-ko /⁠-worgos⁠/)^[5]
*wérǵ-o-m
*wr̥ǵ-tó-s

Unsorted formations

Albanian:
- Albanian: argëtoj, argëtim
Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὄργανον (órganon) (see there for further descendants)
- Ancient Greek: ὄργιον (órgion), ὄργῐᾰ (órgĭă)
- >? Mycenaean Greek: 𐀺𐀫𐀑𐀍𐀚𐀍 (wo-ro-ki-jo-ne-jo /⁠worgioneios⁠/)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *warȷ́-
- Proto-Iranian: *warj- (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swawr̥šti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swawr̥ṣṭi
  - Sanskrit: स्ववृष्टि (svávṛṣṭi, “doing his own work, epithet of Indra”)
Proto-Tocharian: *wärk-
- Tocharian A: wärkṣäl
- Tocharian B: warkṣäl

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.u̯erg̑- 'wirken, machen'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 686-687
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “2.u̯erg̑-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wreg-o”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
^ John Chadwick, Lydia Baumbach (1963) “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, number 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 193-4 of 157–271: “ἔργον”

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.u̯erg̑- 'wirken, machen'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 686-687

[2] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “2.u̯erg̑-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[Matasović-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wreg-o”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 429

[5] John Chadwick, Lydia Baumbach (1963) “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, number 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 193-4 of 157–271: “ἔργον”

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