-mu

Etymology unclear. Originally dialectal, revitalised by Estonian terminologist and lexicographer Johannes Voldemar Veski. Possibly from Proto-Finnic *-ma + Proto-Finnic *-o. Compare Finnish -mo.

• IPA^(key): /ˈ-mu/

-mu (genitive -mu, partitive -mut)

1. Forms nouns indicating a place.

   ‎valama (“to pour”) + ‎-mu → ‎valamu (“sink, basin”)

   ‎vara (“asset”) + ‎-mu → ‎varamu (“collection of assets with a high value”)

   ‎püha (“sacred, holy, saint”) + ‎-mu → ‎pühamu (“sanctuary”)

   ‎era- (“private”) + ‎-mu → ‎eramu (“private house”)

• -moe (1901–1947)

From Malay -mu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mu, from Proto-Austronesian *mu. Compare Tagalog mo.

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈmu/ [ˈmu]
• Rhymes: -u
• Syllabification: -mu

-mu

1. (casual or informal, usually singular) second person oblique enclitic pronoun
   1. as a possessive adjective

      temanmu ― your friend

   2. as a direct or indirect object

      mereka sedang mencarimu ― they're looking for you

      ayah akan memberimu uang ― Father will give you money

   3. as an object of a preposition, with the exception for di, ke, and dalam

      hadiah ini untukmu ― this gift is for you

As with other clitic pronouns in the language, this clitic is optional.

• “-mu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

-mu

1. Rōmaji transcription of む

-mu

1. second person singular genitive enclitic

-mu

1. second person singular subject enclitic
2. second person singular possessive enclitic

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mu, from Proto-Austronesian *mu. Compare Tagalog mo.

• IPA^(key): /mu/ [mu]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -mu, -u
• Hyphenation: -mu

-mu (Jawi spelling ـمو)

1. (poetic) Second person possessive; your.

   penselmu ― your pencil

2. (poetic) Second person object form; you.

   denganmu ― with you

   pukulmu ― to hit you

• “mu” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

-mu

1. (Marks comitative case of nouns), with, alongside, in the company of
   • 1921, María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington, Chochenyo Field Notes‎^[1]:

     Hippiš wattinekne nuhhu i-šuyakmamu

     He only went there with his relatives

2. (Marks personal locative in pronouns, takes place of -tak which is only used for nouns), with, alongside, toward (someone)
   • 1921, María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington, Chochenyo Field Notes‎^[2]:

     hajji nommo kaanamu

     come here with me

-mu

1. cislocative, translocative.

   apay (“to carry”) → apamuy (“to bring; to take”)

   tiyay (“to sit”) → tiyamuy (“to come sit; to go sit”)

From Proto-Oceanic *-mu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-mu, from Proto-Austronesian *-amu.

• IPA^(key): /-mi/

-mu

1. A second-person plural possessive suffix.

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365