kami

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kami"
Languages (29)
English
Aklanon • Alangan • Amis • Bikol Central • Cebuano • French • Hanunoo • Hiligaynon • Iban • Indonesian • Inonhan • Japanese • Javanese • Kapampangan • Malay • Mansaka • Maranao • Mongondow • Musi • Old Sundanese • Ratagnon • Sakizaya • Serbo-Croatian • Sundanese • Tagalog • Tausug • West Albay Bikol • Yogad
Page categories

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Japanese 神 (kami, “god, spirit, deity”).

Noun

kami (plural kamis or kami)

  1. (religion, Shinto) An animistic god or spirit in the Shinto religion of Japan.
  2. (philosophy) The metaphysical causal generator of motion, life, or divinish aura.
Translations

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 紙 (kami, “paper”).

Noun

kami (plural kami)

  1. (papercraft) A basic origami paper, usually printed with a colour or pattern on one side.
Translations

Anagrams

Aklanon

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronoun

kami

  1. we (exclusive)

Alangan

Pronoun

kamí

  1. we (exclusive of the person spoken to)

Amis

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *kami. Compare Malay kami (“we”).

Pronoun

kami

  1. we (exclusive of the person spoken to)

See also

Amis personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person kako kami (exclusive)
kita (inclusive)
2nd person kiso kamo
3rd person ciira caira

Bikol Central

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kaˈmi/ [kaˈmi]
  • Hyphenation: ka‧mi

Pronoun

kamí (Basahan spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)

  1. we (exclusive of the person spoken to)
    Nagtatrabaho kami sa sarong kompanya. Ika?
    We work at a company. You?

See also

Bikol Central personal pronouns
Person Number Absolute (ang) Ergative (sa) Oblique (sa)
Length Full Short Full Short
First singular ako ko sakuya, sako, saako
plural inclusive kita nyato ta satuya, sato, saato
plural exclusive kami nyamo mi samuya, samo, kanamo, saamo
Second singular ika ka mo saimo, simo,kanimo
plural kamo nindo saindo, kaninyo, sainyo
Third singular siya, iya niya saiya, kaniya
plural sinda ninda sainda, kanila


Cebuano

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ka‧mi
  • IPA(key): /kaˈmi/ [kɐˈmi]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronoun

kamí (Badlit spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)

  1. we; us (1st person plural exclusive absolutive form)
See also
Cebuano personal pronouns
direct indirect (postposed) indirect (preposed) oblique
Length: full short1 full short2 base suffixed -a full short
singular first person akó ko nakò3 ko3 akò akoa kanakò nakò
second person ikáw ka nimo mo imo imoha kanimo nimo
third person siyá niya iya iyaha kaniya niya
plural first
person 		inclusive kitá ta natò ta atò atoa kanatò natò
exclusive kamí mi namò amò amoa kanamò namò
second person kamó mo ninyo inyo inyoha kaninyo ninyo
third person silá nila ila ilaha kanila nila

1 Forms in this column are placed after the verb or predicate they modify, and never used at the start of sentences.
2 Forms in this column are literary and rarely used colloquially.
3 Ta is used over nako or ko where the focus is a second-person singular pronoun.


Etymology 2

Borrowed from Giangan kami.

Noun

kamí (Badlit spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)

  1. (Davao) Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni)

French

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Noun

kami m (plural kami)

  1. kami (spirit)

Further reading

Hanunoo

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *k-ami (“we (exclusive)”, 1pl. excl. nominative pronoun).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kaˈmi/ [kɐˈmi]
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: ka‧mi

Pronoun

kamí (Hanunoo spelling ᜣᜫᜲ)

  1. we; us (exclusive)

See also

Hanunoo personal pronouns
Person Number Direct Indirect Oblique
First singular ako niko kangko, kang
plural inclusive kita nita kanta
plural exclusive kami nimi kanmi
Second singular kawo, ka nimo kanmo
plural kamo niyo kanyo
Third singular siya niya kanya
plural sida nida kanda

Further reading

  • Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 138
  • Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ami”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Hiligaynon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ka‧mi
  • IPA(key): /kaˈmi/ [kaˈmi]

Pronoun

kamí

  1. we (exclusive)

See also

Hiligaynon personal pronouns
absolute (ang/si) ergative (sa/ni) ergative (preposed) oblique (sa)
full short full short full
first singular ako ko* nakon ko akon sa akon
plural inclusive kita naton ta aton sa aton
plural exclusive kami namon amon sa amon
second singular ikaw ka nimo mo imo sa imo
plural kamo ninyo inyo sa inyo
third singular siya niya iya sa iya
plural sila nila ila sa ila

Iban

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ka.mi/

Pronoun

kami

  1. we (exclusive)

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay kami, from Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈkami/ [ˈka.mi]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ami
  • Syllabification: ka‧mi

Pronoun

kami

  1. first person plural exclusive (not including you) pronoun: we, us, our
    Kami akan mengajarkan adik-adik tentang kebersihan.
    We will teach you about hygiene.
    Terima kasih telah membantu kami!
    Thank you for helping us!
    Ini tugas kami, bu.
    This is our assignment, miss.
  2. editorial we; first person plural pronoun, which refers to institution the speaker/writer is acting for: we, us, our

Derived terms

  • kekamian

See also

  • kita (“we, us, our (inclusive)”)
Indonesian personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person exclusive regular aku,
saya1 		kami
enclitic -ku -
proclitic ku- -
1st person inclusive - kita
2nd person regular kamu,
Anda2,
kau3 		kalian,
Anda2,
Anda sekalian2,
Anda semua2
enclitic -mu -
3rd person regular dia,
beliau4,
ia3 		mereka
enclitic -nya -
reflexive diri5, diri sendiri
emphatic sendiri
1 Polite.
2 Formal.
3 Now mostly literary.
4 Respectful.

5 Sometimes used as an emphatic marker instead of being reflexive.
Notes:
  • This table only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language.
  • The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms, titles, or the like.
  • The enclitics are only used obliquely (object or possessor), while the proclitic is only used as a subject.
See each entry for more information.

Further reading

Inonhan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronoun

kami

  1. we; us (exclusive of the person spoken to)

Japanese

Romanization

kami

  1. Rōmaji transcription of かみ

Javanese

Romanization

kami

  1. romanization of ꦏꦩꦶ

Kapampangan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kəˈmi/ [kəˈmi]
  • Hyphenation: ka‧mi

Pronoun

kami

  1. we; us (exclusive of the person spoken to)
    Synonym: (preposed) ikami

Usage notes

  • The word kami usually replaces ikami when in the middle of a sentence.

Derived terms

  • ika-ikamimu
  • kami-kamimu

See also

Kapampangan personal pronouns
absolute ergative oblique
disjunctive enclitic
first
person 		singular aku/i aku/yaku ku kanaku
plural inclusive ikatamu katamu/tamu tamu/ta kekatamu
plural exclusive ikami, ike kami/ke mi kekami/keke
second
person 		singular ika ka mu keka
plural ikayu/iko kayu/ko yu kekayu/keko
third
person 		singular iya/ya ya na keya/kaya
plural ila la da/ra karela

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkami/ [ˈka.mi]
  • Rhymes: -ami, -mi, -i
  • Hyphenation: ka‧mi

Pronoun

kami (Jawi spelling کامي)

  1. Exclusive first person plural pronoun; we, us (excluding the person spoken to).
    Synonym: kita orang (informal)
  2. (polite) First person singular pronoun; I, me.
    Synonyms: saya (polite), aku (informal)

Descendants

  • Indonesian: kami

See also

  • kita (including the person spoken to)
Malay personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person standard

saya / ساي
aku / اکو, ku- / كوـ (informal/towards God)
-ku / ـكو (poetic possessive)
hamba / همبا (dated)
daku / داکو (poetic)

kami / کامي (exclusive)
kita orang / كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive)
kita / کيت (inclusive)

royal

beta / بيتا

2nd person standard

engkau / اڠکاو, kau- / كاوـ (informal/poetic/towards God)
kau / كاو (informal)
awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger)
anda / اندا (formal)
awda / اءودا (Brunei, formal)
-mu / ـمو (poetic possessive)
dikau / ديکاو (poetic)

anda semua / اندا سموا (formal)
awak semua / اوق سموا
kamu semua / كامو سموا
kalian / کالين (archaic)
kau orang / كاو اورڠ (informal)

royal

tuanku / توانكو

3rd person standard

dia / دي
ia / اي
beliau / بلياو (honorific)
-nya / ـڽ (possessive)

mereka / مريک
dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal)

royal

baginda / بݢيندا

Further reading

Mansaka

Pronoun

kami

  1. we (exclusive)

Maranao

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronoun

kami

  1. we (exclusive)

Mongondow

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kami/

Pronoun

kami

  1. we (first person plural exclusive nominative pronoun; not including you)

See also

  • kita (“we (inclusive)”)
Mongondow personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person exclusive nominative akuoy kami
genitive ku nami
oblique inako' inami
1st person inclusive nominative - kita
genitive - naton
oblique - inaton
2nd person nominative iko mo'iko,
kamu1
genitive mu monimu,
namu1
oblique inimu imonimu,
inamu1
3rd person nominative sia mosia,
taya1
genitive -ea,
-nya 		monia,
naya1
oblique inia imonia,
inaya1
1Only used with a numeral.

Musi

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kami/

Pronoun

kami

  1. we (exclusive); I and other(s) but not those I am addressing
  2. we: the speaker/writer alone. (This use of we is the editorial we, used by writers and others, including royalty—the royal we—as a less personal substitute for I. The reflexive case of this sense of we is ourself.)
  3. us (exclusive); me and other(s) but not those I am addressing
  4. our (exclusive); my and of other(s) but not of those I am addressing
  5. ours

Old Sundanese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronoun

kami

  1. I, me (1st person singular pronoun)
    • c. 16th century, Carita Parahiyangan:
      Ujar sang apatih, "Kami pun dititahan Rahiyangtang Sanjaya. Disuruh ngadugaan ka dinih. Saha nu diwastu dijieun ratu?"
      The patih replied: "I was ordered by Rahiang Sanjaya to investigate here. Who is the person who was appointed and declared as the king?"
  2. we (1st person plural exclusive pronoun)

Descendants

  • > Sundanese: kami (inherited)

Ratagnon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronoun

kamí

  1. we (exclusive of the person spoken to)

Sakizaya

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ka.ˈmi/, [ka.ˈmi]

Pronoun

kami

  1. we (exclusive)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamy, preserving the reflex of word-final */y/, which was lost in standard words kȃm and kȁmēn.

Noun

kami m inan (Cyrillic spelling ками)

  1. (regional, obsolete) stone

References

  • Skok, Petar (1972) “kami”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 2 (K – poni¹), Zagreb: JAZU, page 26

Sundanese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Sundanese kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronoun

kami (Sundanese script ᮊᮙᮤ)

  1. (dialectal, Banten, Brebes) I; me
    Synonym: aing
    Coordinate terms: abdi, kuring, urang, aing, kami, kula, kaula, sim kuring

See also

Sundanese personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person exclusive lemes abdi1,
sim kuring2 		abdi sadayana1, simkuring sadayana2
loma urang1,
kuring2,
kami3, 4 		kuring sareréa
cohag aing aing kabéhan
enclitic -ing † -
1st person inclusive lemes - urang samudayana
loma - arurang,
urang
2nd person lemes anjeun,
hidep5 		aranjeun,
haridep5
loma manéh,
silaing 		maranéh
cohag sia,
dia4 		saria,
sararia
3rd person lemes mantenna6,
anjeunna 		aranjeunna
loma manéhna, inya4,
nyana4,
inyana4 		maranéhna
cohag si éta -
enclitic -na -
reflexive lemes nyalira
loma sorangan,
diri

1 Informal.
2 Formal.
3 Expressing speaker's superiority.
4 Dialectal form.
5 Toward younger.
6 Respectful.

† Obsolete
Notes:
  • The personal pronouns may vary depending on the dialect.
  • The second person pronouns maybe replaced by kinship terms, titles, or the like.
  • The second and third person singular pronouns maybe used plurally.
See each entry for more information.

Further reading

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /kaˈmi/ [kɐˈmɪ], (colloquial) /kaˈme/ [kɐˈmɛ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: ka‧mi

Pronoun

kamí (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)

  1. we; us (exclusive of the person spoken to)
    Nagtatrabaho kami sa isang kumpanya. Ikaw?
    We work at a company. You?

Derived terms

  • kami-kami

See also

Tagalog personal pronouns
Person Number Direct (ang) Indirect (ng) Oblique (sa)
First singular ako ko akin
dual1 kita, kata nita, nata, ta kanita, kanata, ata
plural inclusive tayo natin atin
plural exclusive kami namin amin
First & Second singular kita2
Second singular ikaw, ka mo iyo
plural kayo, kamo ninyo, niyo inyo
Third singular siya niya kaniya
plural sila nila kanila
1 First person dual pronouns are not commonly used in Standard Tagalog.
2 Replaces ko ikaw.

Further reading

  • “kami”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

Tausug

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronunciation

  • (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA(key): /kami/ [k̠ɑˈmi]
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: ka‧mi

Pronoun

kami (Sulat Sūg spelling كَمِ)

  1. we (exclusive)

West Albay Bikol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronoun

kamí

  1. we (exclusive of the person spoken to)

Yogad

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

Pronoun

kami

  1. we (exclusive of the person spoken to)
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