kita orang
Malay
Alternative forms
Etymology
Calque of Hokkien 我儂 / 我侬 (góa-lâng, “we; us; our”, literally “me people”), in which kita is likely meant to be a first-person singular pronoun. Compare dia orang and kau orang, and also the development of French on (“we, person”).
Pronunciation
- (short form):
- IPA(key): [ki.to.raŋ]
Audio (Malaysia): (file)
- IPA(key): [to.raŋ]
- IPA(key): [ki.to.raŋ]
- (full form, uncommon):
- (Johor-Riau) IPA(key): [ki.tə ʔo.raŋ]
Audio (Malaysia): (file)
- (Baku) IPA(key): [ki.ta ʔo.raŋ]
Audio (Malaysia): (file)
- (Johor-Riau) IPA(key): [ki.tə ʔo.raŋ]
- Hyphenation: kita orang
Pronoun
- (informal) Exclusive first person plural pronoun; we, us (excluding the person spoken to).
- Synonym: kami
- Kita orang nak keluar makan kejap. Kau nak ikut?
- We are going out to eat for a bit. You wanna come too?
Descendants
See also
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | standard |
saya / ساي |
kami / کامي (exclusive) |
| royal | |||
| 2nd person | standard | ||
|
engkau / اڠکاو, kau- / كاوـ (informal/poetic/towards God) |
anda semua / اندا سموا (formal) | ||
| royal |
tuanku / توانكو | ||
| 3rd person | standard |
dia / دي |
|
| royal |
baginda / بݢيندا | ||
Further reading
- “kita orang” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.