dalam

See also: dalām, daļām, and dałam

Eastern Cham

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *dalam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d̪a.lʌm/

Adjective

dalam (Akhar Thrah spelling ꨕꨤꩌ)

deep

Preposition

dalam (Akhar Thrah spelling ꨕꨤꩌ)

in, inside

References

Thurgood, Graham (1999) From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change‎^[1], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, page 287
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Iban

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *daləm, fom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dalam/
Rhymes: -alam
Hyphenation: da‧lam

Adjective

dalam

deep

Preposition

dalam

inside, in, within (abstract)
dalam jaku Inggeris
in English
indoor
interior

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Indonesian

Alternative forms

dlm (abbreviation)

Etymology

Inherited from Malay dalam, from Proto-Malayic *daləm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm. Doublet of dalem. Semantic loan from Chinese 內 / 内.

Pronunciation

(Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈdalam/ [ˈda.lam]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -alam
Syllabification: da‧lam

Adjective

dalam (superlative terdalam, equative sedalam)

deep
Antonym: dangkal
(of Chinese kinship) paternal side
kakek dalam ― paternal grandfather

Derived terms

didalami (“to be deepened”)
kedalaman (“depth”)
memperdalam (“to deepen”)
mendalam
mendalami
mendalamkan (“to deepen”)
pendalaman (“process of deepening”)
sedalam-dalamnya (“as deep as possible”)

dalam negeri

Noun

dalam (plural dalam-dalam)

inside, indoors
interior

Preposition

dalam

inside, in, within

Derived terms

dalam jaringan
dalam jejaring
dalam pada itu
dalam peninggal
di dalam

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Malay

Alternative forms

dlm (abbreviation)

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *daləm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dalam/
Audio (Malaysia): (file)
Rhymes: -alam
(Kelantan) IPA^(key): [dalẽ]

Adjective

dalam (comparative lebih dalam, superlative paling dalam, terdalam)

deep

Antonyms

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

pendalaman (“process of deepening”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
pedalaman (“inland”) [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
dalaman (“internal”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
kedalaman (“depth”) [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
sedalam [comparability] (se-)
dalamkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
dalami [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
mendalamkan (“to deepen”) [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
mendalami [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
didalamkan (“to be deepened”) [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
didalami [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
memperdalam (“to deepen”) [causative agent focus] (mempeR-)
diperdalam (“to be deepened”) [causative passive focus] (dipeR-)
dalam-dalam [reduplication] (redup)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

mendalam (“profound”)
terdalam (“the deepest”)
sedalam-dalamnya (“as deep as possible”)

Preposition

dalam (Jawi spelling دالم)

inside, in, within (abstract)
dalam bahasa Inggris
in English
indoor
interior

Antonyms

luar

Derived terms

di dalam (“in (concrete)”)
ke dalam (“(to) inside (of), into”)

Descendants

Indonesian: dalam

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Maltese

Root
d-l-m
6 terms

Etymology

From Arabic ظَلَمَ (ẓalama).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈda.lam/

Verb

dalam (imperfect jidlam)

(of the night, sky, etc.) to get dark

Conjugation

Conjugation of **dalam** (Form I)
positive forms
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	dlamt	dlamt	dalam	dlamna	dlamtu	dalmu
perfect	f	dlamt	dlamt	dalmet	dlamna	dlamtu	dalmu
imperfect	m	nidlam	tidlam	jidlam	nidalmu	tidalmu	jidalmu
imperfect	f	nidlam	tidlam	tidlam	nidalmu	tidalmu	jidalmu
imperative			idlam			idalmu

negative forms
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	dlamtx	dlamtx	dalamx	dlamniex	dlamtux	dalmux
perfect	f	dlamtx	dlamtx	dalmitx	dlamniex	dlamtux	dalmux
imperfect	m	nidlamx	tidlamx	jidlamx	nidalmux	tidalmux	jidalmux
imperfect	f	nidlamx	tidlamx	tidlamx	nidalmux	tidalmux	jidalmux
imperative			tidlamx			tidalmux

Eastern Cham

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Preposition

References

Iban

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Preposition

References

Indonesian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Derived terms

Noun

Preposition

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Antonyms

Derived terms

Preposition

Antonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Maltese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation