ظلم

Arabic

Root
ظ ل م (ẓ l m)
13 terms

Etymology 1.1

    Compare Aramaic טלם.

    Verb

    ظَلَمَ • (ẓalama) I (non-past يَظْلِمُ (yaẓlimu), verbal noun ظَلْم (ẓalm) or ظُلْم (ẓulm) or مَظْلِمَة (maẓlima) or مَظْلَمَة (maẓlama) or ظِلَام (ẓilām))

    1. to wrong, to treat unjustly, to oppress
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 42:42:
        إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَظْلِمُونَ النَّاسَ وَيَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
        ʔinnamā s-sabīlu ʕalā llaḏīna yaẓlimūna an-nāsa wayabḡūna fī l-ʔarḍi biḡayri l-ḥaqqi ʔulāʔika lahum ʕaḏābun ʔalīmun
        Indeed, the blame lieth only upon those ones who oppress [their fellow] Man, and who are insolent throughout the earth without any right whatsoever. They are those for whom a punishment most painful [will suffice].
    Conjugation
    Conjugation of ظَلَمَ (I, sound, a ~ i, full passive, verbal nouns ظَلْم, ظُلْم, مَظْلِمَة, مَظْلَمَة, ظِلَام)
    verbal noun
    الْمَصْدَر     		ظَلْم, ظُلْم, مَظْلِمَة, مَظْلَمَة, ظِلَام
    ẓalm, ẓulm, maẓlima, maẓlama, ẓilām
    active participle
    اِسْم الْفَاعِل     		ظَالِم
    ẓālim
    passive participle
    اِسْم الْمَفْعُول     		مَظْلُوم
    maẓlūm
    active voice
    الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
    singular
    الْمُفْرَد     		dual
    الْمُثَنَّى     		plural
    الْجَمْع
    1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    past (perfect) indicative
    الْمَاضِي     		m ظَلَمْتُ
    ẓalamtu     		ظَلَمْتَ
    ẓalamta     		ظَلَمَ
    ẓalama     		ظَلَمْتُمَا
    ẓalamtumā     		ظَلَمَا
    ẓalamā     		ظَلَمْنَا
    ẓalamnā     		ظَلَمْتُمْ
    ẓalamtum     		ظَلَمُوا
    ẓalamū
    f ظَلَمْتِ
    ẓalamti     		ظَلَمَتْ
    ẓalamat     		ظَلَمَتَا
    ẓalamatā     		ظَلَمْتُنَّ
    ẓalamtunna     		ظَلَمْنَ
    ẓalamna
    non-past (imperfect) indicative
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع     		m أَظْلِمُ
    ʔaẓlimu     		تَظْلِمُ
    taẓlimu     		يَظْلِمُ
    yaẓlimu     		تَظْلِمَانِ
    taẓlimāni     		يَظْلِمَانِ
    yaẓlimāni     		نَظْلِمُ
    naẓlimu     		تَظْلِمُونَ
    taẓlimūna     		يَظْلِمُونَ
    yaẓlimūna
    f تَظْلِمِينَ
    taẓlimīna     		تَظْلِمُ
    taẓlimu     		تَظْلِمَانِ
    taẓlimāni     		تَظْلِمْنَ
    taẓlimna     		يَظْلِمْنَ
    yaẓlimna
    subjunctive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب     		m أَظْلِمَ
    ʔaẓlima     		تَظْلِمَ
    taẓlima     		يَظْلِمَ
    yaẓlima     		تَظْلِمَا
    taẓlimā     		يَظْلِمَا
    yaẓlimā     		نَظْلِمَ
    naẓlima     		تَظْلِمُوا
    taẓlimū     		يَظْلِمُوا
    yaẓlimū
    f تَظْلِمِي
    taẓlimī     		تَظْلِمَ
    taẓlima     		تَظْلِمَا
    taẓlimā     		تَظْلِمْنَ
    taẓlimna     		يَظْلِمْنَ
    yaẓlimna
    jussive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم     		m أَظْلِمْ
    ʔaẓlim     		تَظْلِمْ
    taẓlim     		يَظْلِمْ
    yaẓlim     		تَظْلِمَا
    taẓlimā     		يَظْلِمَا
    yaẓlimā     		نَظْلِمْ
    naẓlim     		تَظْلِمُوا
    taẓlimū     		يَظْلِمُوا
    yaẓlimū
    f تَظْلِمِي
    taẓlimī     		تَظْلِمْ
    taẓlim     		تَظْلِمَا
    taẓlimā     		تَظْلِمْنَ
    taẓlimna     		يَظْلِمْنَ
    yaẓlimna
    imperative
    الْأَمْر     		m اِظْلِمْ
    iẓlim     		اِظْلِمَا
    iẓlimā     		اِظْلِمُوا
    iẓlimū
    f اِظْلِمِي
    iẓlimī     		اِظْلِمْنَ
    iẓlimna
    passive voice
    الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
    singular
    الْمُفْرَد     		dual
    الْمُثَنَّى     		plural
    الْجَمْع
    1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    past (perfect) indicative
    الْمَاضِي     		m ظُلِمْتُ
    ẓulimtu     		ظُلِمْتَ
    ẓulimta     		ظُلِمَ
    ẓulima     		ظُلِمْتُمَا
    ẓulimtumā     		ظُلِمَا
    ẓulimā     		ظُلِمْنَا
    ẓulimnā     		ظُلِمْتُمْ
    ẓulimtum     		ظُلِمُوا
    ẓulimū
    f ظُلِمْتِ
    ẓulimti     		ظُلِمَتْ
    ẓulimat     		ظُلِمَتَا
    ẓulimatā     		ظُلِمْتُنَّ
    ẓulimtunna     		ظُلِمْنَ
    ẓulimna
    non-past (imperfect) indicative
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع     		m أُظْلَمُ
    ʔuẓlamu     		تُظْلَمُ
    tuẓlamu     		يُظْلَمُ
    yuẓlamu     		تُظْلَمَانِ
    tuẓlamāni     		يُظْلَمَانِ
    yuẓlamāni     		نُظْلَمُ
    nuẓlamu     		تُظْلَمُونَ
    tuẓlamūna     		يُظْلَمُونَ
    yuẓlamūna
    f تُظْلَمِينَ
    tuẓlamīna     		تُظْلَمُ
    tuẓlamu     		تُظْلَمَانِ
    tuẓlamāni     		تُظْلَمْنَ
    tuẓlamna     		يُظْلَمْنَ
    yuẓlamna
    subjunctive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب     		m أُظْلَمَ
    ʔuẓlama     		تُظْلَمَ
    tuẓlama     		يُظْلَمَ
    yuẓlama     		تُظْلَمَا
    tuẓlamā     		يُظْلَمَا
    yuẓlamā     		نُظْلَمَ
    nuẓlama     		تُظْلَمُوا
    tuẓlamū     		يُظْلَمُوا
    yuẓlamū
    f تُظْلَمِي
    tuẓlamī     		تُظْلَمَ
    tuẓlama     		تُظْلَمَا
    tuẓlamā     		تُظْلَمْنَ
    tuẓlamna     		يُظْلَمْنَ
    yuẓlamna
    jussive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم     		m أُظْلَمْ
    ʔuẓlam     		تُظْلَمْ
    tuẓlam     		يُظْلَمْ
    yuẓlam     		تُظْلَمَا
    tuẓlamā     		يُظْلَمَا
    yuẓlamā     		نُظْلَمْ
    nuẓlam     		تُظْلَمُوا
    tuẓlamū     		يُظْلَمُوا
    yuẓlamū
    f تُظْلَمِي
    tuẓlamī     		تُظْلَمْ
    tuẓlam     		تُظْلَمَا
    tuẓlamā     		تُظْلَمْنَ
    tuẓlamna     		يُظْلَمْنَ
    yuẓlamna

    Etymology 1.2

    See ظَلَام (ẓalām).

    Verb

    ظَلِمَ • (ẓalima) I (non-past يَظْلَمُ (yaẓlamu), verbal noun ظَلَم (ẓalam))

    1. to become dark
    Conjugation
    Conjugation of ظَلِمَ (I, sound, i ~ a, no passive, verbal noun ظَلَم)
    verbal noun
    الْمَصْدَر     		ظَلَم
    ẓalam
    active participle
    اِسْم الْفَاعِل     		ظَلِم
    ẓalim
    active voice
    الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
    singular
    الْمُفْرَد     		dual
    الْمُثَنَّى     		plural
    الْجَمْع
    1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    past (perfect) indicative
    الْمَاضِي     		m ظَلِمْتُ
    ẓalimtu     		ظَلِمْتَ
    ẓalimta     		ظَلِمَ
    ẓalima     		ظَلِمْتُمَا
    ẓalimtumā     		ظَلِمَا
    ẓalimā     		ظَلِمْنَا
    ẓalimnā     		ظَلِمْتُمْ
    ẓalimtum     		ظَلِمُوا
    ẓalimū
    f ظَلِمْتِ
    ẓalimti     		ظَلِمَتْ
    ẓalimat     		ظَلِمَتَا
    ẓalimatā     		ظَلِمْتُنَّ
    ẓalimtunna     		ظَلِمْنَ
    ẓalimna
    non-past (imperfect) indicative
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع     		m أَظْلَمُ
    ʔaẓlamu     		تَظْلَمُ
    taẓlamu     		يَظْلَمُ
    yaẓlamu     		تَظْلَمَانِ
    taẓlamāni     		يَظْلَمَانِ
    yaẓlamāni     		نَظْلَمُ
    naẓlamu     		تَظْلَمُونَ
    taẓlamūna     		يَظْلَمُونَ
    yaẓlamūna
    f تَظْلَمِينَ
    taẓlamīna     		تَظْلَمُ
    taẓlamu     		تَظْلَمَانِ
    taẓlamāni     		تَظْلَمْنَ
    taẓlamna     		يَظْلَمْنَ
    yaẓlamna
    subjunctive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب     		m أَظْلَمَ
    ʔaẓlama     		تَظْلَمَ
    taẓlama     		يَظْلَمَ
    yaẓlama     		تَظْلَمَا
    taẓlamā     		يَظْلَمَا
    yaẓlamā     		نَظْلَمَ
    naẓlama     		تَظْلَمُوا
    taẓlamū     		يَظْلَمُوا
    yaẓlamū
    f تَظْلَمِي
    taẓlamī     		تَظْلَمَ
    taẓlama     		تَظْلَمَا
    taẓlamā     		تَظْلَمْنَ
    taẓlamna     		يَظْلَمْنَ
    yaẓlamna
    jussive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم     		m أَظْلَمْ
    ʔaẓlam     		تَظْلَمْ
    taẓlam     		يَظْلَمْ
    yaẓlam     		تَظْلَمَا
    taẓlamā     		يَظْلَمَا
    yaẓlamā     		نَظْلَمْ
    naẓlam     		تَظْلَمُوا
    taẓlamū     		يَظْلَمُوا
    yaẓlamū
    f تَظْلَمِي
    taẓlamī     		تَظْلَمْ
    taẓlam     		تَظْلَمَا
    taẓlamā     		تَظْلَمْنَ
    taẓlamna     		يَظْلَمْنَ
    yaẓlamna
    imperative
    الْأَمْر     		m اِظْلَمْ
    iẓlam     		اِظْلَمَا
    iẓlamā     		اِظْلَمُوا
    iẓlamū
    f اِظْلَمِي
    iẓlamī     		اِظْلَمْنَ
    iẓlamna

    Etymology 1.3

    Verb

    ظَلَّمَ • (ẓallama) II (non-past يُظَلِّمُ (yuẓallimu), verbal noun تَظْلِيم (taẓlīm))

    1. to be in the least unjust
    Conjugation
    Conjugation of ظَلَّمَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَظْلِيم)
    verbal noun
    الْمَصْدَر     		تَظْلِيم
    taẓlīm
    active participle
    اِسْم الْفَاعِل     		مُظَلِّم
    muẓallim
    passive participle
    اِسْم الْمَفْعُول     		مُظَلَّم
    muẓallam
    active voice
    الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
    singular
    الْمُفْرَد     		dual
    الْمُثَنَّى     		plural
    الْجَمْع
    1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    past (perfect) indicative
    الْمَاضِي     		m ظَلَّمْتُ
    ẓallamtu     		ظَلَّمْتَ
    ẓallamta     		ظَلَّمَ
    ẓallama     		ظَلَّمْتُمَا
    ẓallamtumā     		ظَلَّمَا
    ẓallamā     		ظَلَّمْنَا
    ẓallamnā     		ظَلَّمْتُمْ
    ẓallamtum     		ظَلَّمُوا
    ẓallamū
    f ظَلَّمْتِ
    ẓallamti     		ظَلَّمَتْ
    ẓallamat     		ظَلَّمَتَا
    ẓallamatā     		ظَلَّمْتُنَّ
    ẓallamtunna     		ظَلَّمْنَ
    ẓallamna
    non-past (imperfect) indicative
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع     		m أُظَلِّمُ
    ʔuẓallimu     		تُظَلِّمُ
    tuẓallimu     		يُظَلِّمُ
    yuẓallimu     		تُظَلِّمَانِ
    tuẓallimāni     		يُظَلِّمَانِ
    yuẓallimāni     		نُظَلِّمُ
    nuẓallimu     		تُظَلِّمُونَ
    tuẓallimūna     		يُظَلِّمُونَ
    yuẓallimūna
    f تُظَلِّمِينَ
    tuẓallimīna     		تُظَلِّمُ
    tuẓallimu     		تُظَلِّمَانِ
    tuẓallimāni     		تُظَلِّمْنَ
    tuẓallimna     		يُظَلِّمْنَ
    yuẓallimna
    subjunctive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب     		m أُظَلِّمَ
    ʔuẓallima     		تُظَلِّمَ
    tuẓallima     		يُظَلِّمَ
    yuẓallima     		تُظَلِّمَا
    tuẓallimā     		يُظَلِّمَا
    yuẓallimā     		نُظَلِّمَ
    nuẓallima     		تُظَلِّمُوا
    tuẓallimū     		يُظَلِّمُوا
    yuẓallimū
    f تُظَلِّمِي
    tuẓallimī     		تُظَلِّمَ
    tuẓallima     		تُظَلِّمَا
    tuẓallimā     		تُظَلِّمْنَ
    tuẓallimna     		يُظَلِّمْنَ
    yuẓallimna
    jussive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم     		m أُظَلِّمْ
    ʔuẓallim     		تُظَلِّمْ
    tuẓallim     		يُظَلِّمْ
    yuẓallim     		تُظَلِّمَا
    tuẓallimā     		يُظَلِّمَا
    yuẓallimā     		نُظَلِّمْ
    nuẓallim     		تُظَلِّمُوا
    tuẓallimū     		يُظَلِّمُوا
    yuẓallimū
    f تُظَلِّمِي
    tuẓallimī     		تُظَلِّمْ
    tuẓallim     		تُظَلِّمَا
    tuẓallimā     		تُظَلِّمْنَ
    tuẓallimna     		يُظَلِّمْنَ
    yuẓallimna
    imperative
    الْأَمْر     		m ظَلِّمْ
    ẓallim     		ظَلِّمَا
    ẓallimā     		ظَلِّمُوا
    ẓallimū
    f ظَلِّمِي
    ẓallimī     		ظَلِّمْنَ
    ẓallimna
    passive voice
    الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
    singular
    الْمُفْرَد     		dual
    الْمُثَنَّى     		plural
    الْجَمْع
    1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب     		1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم     		2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب     		3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    past (perfect) indicative
    الْمَاضِي     		m ظُلِّمْتُ
    ẓullimtu     		ظُلِّمْتَ
    ẓullimta     		ظُلِّمَ
    ẓullima     		ظُلِّمْتُمَا
    ẓullimtumā     		ظُلِّمَا
    ẓullimā     		ظُلِّمْنَا
    ẓullimnā     		ظُلِّمْتُمْ
    ẓullimtum     		ظُلِّمُوا
    ẓullimū
    f ظُلِّمْتِ
    ẓullimti     		ظُلِّمَتْ
    ẓullimat     		ظُلِّمَتَا
    ẓullimatā     		ظُلِّمْتُنَّ
    ẓullimtunna     		ظُلِّمْنَ
    ẓullimna
    non-past (imperfect) indicative
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع     		m أُظَلَّمُ
    ʔuẓallamu     		تُظَلَّمُ
    tuẓallamu     		يُظَلَّمُ
    yuẓallamu     		تُظَلَّمَانِ
    tuẓallamāni     		يُظَلَّمَانِ
    yuẓallamāni     		نُظَلَّمُ
    nuẓallamu     		تُظَلَّمُونَ
    tuẓallamūna     		يُظَلَّمُونَ
    yuẓallamūna
    f تُظَلَّمِينَ
    tuẓallamīna     		تُظَلَّمُ
    tuẓallamu     		تُظَلَّمَانِ
    tuẓallamāni     		تُظَلَّمْنَ
    tuẓallamna     		يُظَلَّمْنَ
    yuẓallamna
    subjunctive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب     		m أُظَلَّمَ
    ʔuẓallama     		تُظَلَّمَ
    tuẓallama     		يُظَلَّمَ
    yuẓallama     		تُظَلَّمَا
    tuẓallamā     		يُظَلَّمَا
    yuẓallamā     		نُظَلَّمَ
    nuẓallama     		تُظَلَّمُوا
    tuẓallamū     		يُظَلَّمُوا
    yuẓallamū
    f تُظَلَّمِي
    tuẓallamī     		تُظَلَّمَ
    tuẓallama     		تُظَلَّمَا
    tuẓallamā     		تُظَلَّمْنَ
    tuẓallamna     		يُظَلَّمْنَ
    yuẓallamna
    jussive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم     		m أُظَلَّمْ
    ʔuẓallam     		تُظَلَّمْ
    tuẓallam     		يُظَلَّمْ
    yuẓallam     		تُظَلَّمَا
    tuẓallamā     		يُظَلَّمَا
    yuẓallamā     		نُظَلَّمْ
    nuẓallam     		تُظَلَّمُوا
    tuẓallamū     		يُظَلَّمُوا
    yuẓallamū
    f تُظَلَّمِي
    tuẓallamī     		تُظَلَّمْ
    tuẓallam     		تُظَلَّمَا
    tuẓallamā     		تُظَلَّمْنَ
    tuẓallamna     		يُظَلَّمْنَ
    yuẓallamna

    Etymology 1.4

      Noun

      ظُلْم • (ẓulm) m

      1. verbal noun of ظَلَمَ (ẓalama) (form I)
      2. wrong, wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, tyranny
        Synonym: جَوْر (jawr)
      Declension
      Declension of noun ظُلْم (ẓulm)
      singular basic singular triptote
      indefinite definite construct
      informal ظُلْم
      ẓulm       		الظُّلْم
      aẓ-ẓulm       		ظُلْم
      ẓulm
      nominative ظُلْمٌ
      ẓulmun       		الظُّلْمُ
      aẓ-ẓulmu       		ظُلْمُ
      ẓulmu
      accusative ظُلْمًا
      ẓulman       		الظُّلْمَ
      aẓ-ẓulma       		ظُلْمَ
      ẓulma
      genitive ظُلْمٍ
      ẓulmin       		الظُّلْمِ
      aẓ-ẓulmi       		ظُلْمِ
      ẓulmi
      Descendants
      • → Azerbaijani: zülm
      • → Classical Persian: ظُلْم (zulm)
      • → Ottoman Turkish: ظلم (zulm, zulüm)
      • → Somali: dulmi
      • → Swahili: dhuluma
      • → Turkmen: zulum

      Etymology 1.5

      Noun

      ظَلْم • (ẓalm) m

      1. verbal noun of ظَلَمَ (ẓalama) (form I)
      Declension
      Declension of noun ظَلْم (ẓalm)
      singular basic singular triptote
      indefinite definite construct
      informal ظَلْم
      ẓalm       		الظَّلْم
      aẓ-ẓalm       		ظَلْم
      ẓalm
      nominative ظَلْمٌ
      ẓalmun       		الظَّلْمُ
      aẓ-ẓalmu       		ظَلْمُ
      ẓalmu
      accusative ظَلْمًا
      ẓalman       		الظَّلْمَ
      aẓ-ẓalma       		ظَلْمَ
      ẓalma
      genitive ظَلْمٍ
      ẓalmin       		الظَّلْمِ
      aẓ-ẓalmi       		ظَلْمِ
      ẓalmi

      Etymology 1.6

      Noun

      ظُلَم • (ẓulam) f pl

      1. plural of ظُلْمَة (ẓulma)

      Hijazi Arabic

      Root
      ظ ل م
      1 term

      Etymology 1

      Learned borrowing from Arabic ظَلَمَ (ẓalama).

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /zˤa.lam/, /ðˤa.lam/

      Verb

      ظَلَم • (ẓalam) I (non-past يِظْلُم (yiẓlum))

      1. to wrong, to treat unjustly, to oppress
      Conjugation
      Conjugation of ظلم
      singular plural
      1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
      past m ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلم (ẓalam) ظلمنا (ẓalamna) ظلمتوا (ẓalamtu) ظلموا (ẓalamu)
      f ظلمتي (ẓalamti) ظلمت (ẓalamat)
      non-past m أظلم (ʔaẓlum) تظلم (tiẓlum) يظلم (yiẓlum) نظلم (niẓlum) تظلموا (tiẓlumu) يظلموا (yiẓlumu)
      f تظلمي (tiẓlumi) تظلم (tiẓlum)
      imperative m اظلم (aẓlum) اظلموا (aẓlumu)
      f اظلمي (aẓlumi)

      Etymology 2

      From Arabic ظَلَّمَ (ẓallama).

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /dˤal.lam/, /ðˤal.lam/

      Verb

      ظَلَّمْ • (ḍallam) II (non-past يِظَلِّم (yiḍallim))

      1. to get dark
      Conjugation
      Conjugation of ظلم
      singular plural
      1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
      past m ظلمت (ḍallamt) ظلمت (ḍallamt) ظلم (ḍallam) ظلمنا (ḍallamna) ظلمتوا (ḍallamtu) ظلموا (ḍallamu)
      f ظلمتي (ḍallamti) ظلمت (ḍallamat)
      non-past m أظلم (ʔaḍallim) تظلم (tiḍallim) يظلم (yiḍallim) نظلم (niḍallim) تظلموا (tiḍallimu) يظلموا (yiḍallimu)
      f تظلمي (tiḍallimi) تظلم (tiḍallim)
      imperative m ظلم (ḍallim) ظلموا (ḍallimu)
      f ظلمي (ḍallimi)

      Etymology 3

      Learned borrowing from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm).

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /zˤulm/, /ðˤulm/

      Noun

      ظلم • (ẓulm) m

      1. injustice, injuriousness, tyranny

      Ottoman Turkish

      Etymology

        Etymology tree
        Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm)bor.
        Ottoman Turkish ظلم

        Borrowed from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm).

        Noun

        ظلم • (zulm or zulüm) (definite accusative ظلمی (zulümü), plural ظلملر (zulümler))

        1. wrongdoing, injustice, wrong, the violation of the rights of another person or people
          Synonym: جور (cevr)
        2. tyranny, despotism, autocracy, a government in which a single ruler has absolute power
          Synonym: جور (cevr)
        3. oppression, the exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner
          Synonym: جور (cevr)

        Derived terms

        • ظلم ایتمك (zulüm etmek, “to tyrannize”)
        • ظلمكار (zulümkâr, “wrongful”)
        • ظلمی (zulmî, “wrongful”)

        Descendants

        Further reading

        Persian

        Etymology

          Etymology tree
          Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm)bor.
          Persian ظلم

          Borrowed from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm).

          Pronunciation

           

          Readings
          Classical reading? zulm
          Dari reading? zulm
          Iranian reading? zolm
          Tajik reading? zulm

          Noun

          ظلم • (zulm / zolm) (Tajik spelling зулм)

          1. cruelty, injustice, inhumanity
          2. oppression, tyranny
          3. (verbal noun) oppressing

          Derived terms

          • ظلم آمیز (zulm āmēz / zolm âmiz)

          Descendants

          Further reading

          • Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “ظلم”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 250
          • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “ظلم”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
          • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “ظلم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
          • “ظلم”, in قاموس کبیر افغانستان [qāmūs-i kabīr-i afġānistān, The Great Dictionary of Afghanistan] (in Persian), Afghan Dictionary, 2023

          South Levantine Arabic

          Root
          ظ ل م
          1 term

          Etymology

          Learned borrowing from Arabic ظَلَمَ (ẓalama).

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /zˤa.lam/, [ˈzˤɑ.lɑm]
          • Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

          Verb

          ظلم • (ẓalam) I (present بظلم (boẓlom), passive participle مظلوم (maẓlūm))

          1. to wrong, to treat unjustly
          2. to oppress

          Conjugation

          Conjugation of ظلم
          singular plural
          1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
          past m ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلم (ẓalam) ظلمنا (ẓalamna) ظلمتو (ẓalamtu) ظلمو (ẓalamu)
          f ظلمتي (ẓalamti) ظلمت (ẓalmat)
          present m بظلم (baẓlom) بتظلم (btoẓlom) بظلم (boẓlom) منظلم (mnoẓlom) بتظلمو (btoẓlomu) بظلمو (boẓlomu)
          f بتظلمي (btoẓlomi) بتظلم (btoẓlom)
          subjunctive m أظلم (ʔaẓlom) تظلم (toẓlom) يظلم (yoẓlom) نظلم (noẓlom) تظلمو (toẓlomu) يظلمو (yoẓlomu)
          f تظلمي (toẓlomi) تظلم (toẓlom)
          imperative m اظلم (oẓlom) اظلمو (oẓlomu)
          f اظلمي (oẓlomi)

          Urdu

          Etymology

            Etymology tree
            Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm)bor.
            Classical Persian ظُلْم (zulm)bor.
            Urdu ظلم

            Borrowed from Classical Persian ظُلْم (zulm), borrowed from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm).

            Pronunciation

            Noun

            ظُلْم • (ẓulm) m (Hindi spelling ज़ुल्म)

            1. wrongdoing, misdeed, injustice
              Synonym: ناانصافی (nāinsāfī)
            2. tyranny, oppression
              Synonym: جبر (jabr)

            Declension

            Declension of ظلم
            singular plural
            direct ظُلم (ẓulm) ظُلم (ẓulm)
            oblique ظُلم (ẓulm) ظُلموں (ẓulmõ)
            vocative ظُلم (ẓulm) ظُلمو (ẓulmo)

            References

            • “ظلم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
            • “ظلم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
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