ظالم
Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ظ ل م (ẓ l m) |
| 13 terms |
Etymology
Derived from the active participle of ظَلَمَ (ẓalama).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ðˤaː.lim/
Adjective
ظَالِم • (ẓālim) (feminine ظَالِمَةٌ (ẓālimatun), masculine plural ظَالِمُونَ (ẓālimūna) or ظُلَّام (ẓullām) or ظَلَمَة (ẓalama), feminine plural ظَالِمَات (ẓālimāt))
- active participle of ظَلَمَ (ẓalama)
- unjust; tyrannical, oppressing, iniquitous
- Synonym: غَاشِم (ḡāšim)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 18:35:
- وَدَخَلَ جَنَّتَهُ وَهُوَ ظَالِمٌ لِّنَفْسِهِ قَالَ مَا أَظُنُّ أَن تَبِيدَ هَٰذِهِ أَبَدًا
- wadaḵala jannatahu wahuwa ẓālimun linafsihi qāla mā ʔaẓunnu ʔan tabīda hāḏihi ʔabadan
- And he entered his garden while he was unjust to himself. He said, "I do not think that this will perish - ever.
- unjust; tyrannical, oppressing, iniquitous
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | ظَالِم ẓālim |
الظَّالِم aẓ-ẓālim |
ظَالِمَة ẓālima |
الظَّالِمَة aẓ-ẓālima |
| nominative | ظَالِمٌ ẓālimun |
الظَّالِمُ aẓ-ẓālimu |
ظَالِمَةٌ ẓālimatun |
الظَّالِمَةُ aẓ-ẓālimatu |
| accusative | ظَالِمًا ẓāliman |
الظَّالِمَ aẓ-ẓālima |
ظَالِمَةً ẓālimatan |
الظَّالِمَةَ aẓ-ẓālimata |
| genitive | ظَالِمٍ ẓālimin |
الظَّالِمِ aẓ-ẓālimi |
ظَالِمَةٍ ẓālimatin |
الظَّالِمَةِ aẓ-ẓālimati |
| dual | masculine | feminine | ||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | ظَالِمَيْن ẓālimayn |
الظَّالِمَيْن aẓ-ẓālimayn |
ظَالِمَتَيْن ẓālimatayn |
الظَّالِمَتَيْن aẓ-ẓālimatayn |
| nominative | ظَالِمَانِ ẓālimāni |
الظَّالِمَانِ aẓ-ẓālimāni |
ظَالِمَتَانِ ẓālimatāni |
الظَّالِمَتَانِ aẓ-ẓālimatāni |
| accusative | ظَالِمَيْنِ ẓālimayni |
الظَّالِمَيْنِ aẓ-ẓālimayni |
ظَالِمَتَيْنِ ẓālimatayni |
الظَّالِمَتَيْنِ aẓ-ẓālimatayni |
| genitive | ظَالِمَيْنِ ẓālimayni |
الظَّالِمَيْنِ aẓ-ẓālimayni |
ظَالِمَتَيْنِ ẓālimatayni |
الظَّالِمَتَيْنِ aẓ-ẓālimatayni |
| plural | masculine | feminine | ||
| sound masculine plural; basic broken plural triptote; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) |
sound feminine plural | |||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | ظَالِمِين; ظُلَّام; ظَلَمَة ẓālimīn; ẓullām; ẓalama |
الظَّالِمِين; الظُّلَّام; الظَّلَمَة aẓ-ẓālimīn; aẓ-ẓullām; aẓ-ẓalama |
ظَالِمَات ẓālimāt |
الظَّالِمَات aẓ-ẓālimāt |
| nominative | ظَالِمُونَ; ظُلَّامٌ; ظَلَمَةٌ ẓālimūna; ẓullāmun; ẓalamatun |
الظَّالِمُونَ; الظُّلَّامُ; الظَّلَمَةُ aẓ-ẓālimūna; aẓ-ẓullāmu; aẓ-ẓalamatu |
ظَالِمَاتٌ ẓālimātun |
الظَّالِمَاتُ aẓ-ẓālimātu |
| accusative | ظَالِمِينَ; ظُلَّامًا; ظَلَمَةً ẓālimīna; ẓullāman; ẓalamatan |
الظَّالِمِينَ; الظُّلَّامَ; الظَّلَمَةَ aẓ-ẓālimīna; aẓ-ẓullāma; aẓ-ẓalamata |
ظَالِمَاتٍ ẓālimātin |
الظَّالِمَاتِ aẓ-ẓālimāti |
| genitive | ظَالِمِينَ; ظُلَّامٍ; ظَلَمَةٍ ẓālimīna; ẓullāmin; ẓalamatin |
الظَّالِمِينَ; الظُّلَّامِ; الظَّلَمَةِ aẓ-ẓālimīna; aẓ-ẓullāmi; aẓ-ẓalamati |
ظَالِمَاتٍ ẓālimātin |
الظَّالِمَاتِ aẓ-ẓālimāti |
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: zalım
- → Kazakh: залым (zalym)
- → Northern Kurdish: zalim
- → Classical Malay: ظاليم (zalim)
- → Classical Persian: ظَالِم (zālim)
- → Ottoman Turkish: ظالم (zalim)
- → Swahili: dhalimu
- → Turkmen: zalym
- → Uyghur: زالىم (zalim)
- → Uzbek: zolim
- → Yidgha: ظالم
References
- Baalbaki, Rohi (1995) “ظالم”, in Al-Mawrid: A Modern Arabic-English Dictionary, 7th edition, Beirut: Dar El-Ilm Lilmalayin, →ISBN
- Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “ظالم”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
- Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “ظالم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate.
- Wehr, Hans (1960) “ظالم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Otto Harrassowitz
Kohistani Shina
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ظَالِم (ẓālim).
Noun
ظالم (zālim)
Munji
Noun
ظالم (zālim)
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ظَالِم (ẓālim).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /zaː.ˈlim/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [zɑː.lɪm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [zɒː.lem]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zɔ.lim]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | zālim |
| Dari reading? | zālim |
| Iranian reading? | zâlem |
| Tajik reading? | zolim |
Adjective
ظالم • (zālim / zâlem)
Noun
ظالم • (zālim / zâlem) (sound plural ظالمها or ظالمان, broken plural ظالمون or ظلام or ظلمه)
Derived terms
- ظالمانه (zālimāna / zâlemâne)
Descendants
- → Bengali: জালিম (jalim)
- → Hindustani:
Further reading
- Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “ظالم”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 249
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “ظالم”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “ظالم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “ظالم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
- “ظالم”, in قاموس کبیر افغانستان [qāmūs-i kabīr-i afġānistān, The Great Dictionary of Afghanistan] (in Persian), Afghan Dictionary, 2023
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ظَالِم (ẓālim).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /zɑː.lɪm/
Audio (Pakistan): (file) - Rhymes: -ɪm
Noun
ظَالِم • (zālim) m or f (feminine ظَالِمَہ (zālima), Hindi spelling ज़ालिम)
- oppressor, unjust, dictator, tyrannical, wrongdoer
- Synonym: اَتْیاچارِی (atyācārī)
Adjective
ظَالِم • (zālim) (indeclinable, comparative ظَالِمْتَر (zālimtar), superlative اَظْلَم (azlam), Hindi spelling ज़ालिम)
Ushojo
Etymology
From Urdu ظالم (zālim), from Derived from Arabic ظَالِم (ẓālim).
Noun
ظالم (zālim)
Yidgha
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ظَالِم (ẓālim).
Noun
ظالم (zālim)