-ya

-ya

1. forms abstract nouns from adjectives or nouns

   ‎teri (“friend”) + ‎-ya → ‎teriya (“friendship”)

   ‎jan (“long”) + ‎-ya → ‎janya (“length”)

From western Japanese や (ya, copula).

-ya

1. to be

• Komei Hosokawa (1987) Malay talk on boat: an account of Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin‎^[1] (in Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin)

From Proto-Celtic *-ja-mā.^[1] This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

-ya

1. Verbal suffix

   Synonyms: -a, -i

   ‎red- + ‎-ya → ‎redya (“to read”)

   ‎rewl (“rule”) + ‎-ya → ‎rewlya (“to rule”)

   ‎urdh (“order”) + ‎-ya → ‎urdhya (“to initiate”)

• Used to form verbs with almost all borrowings and neologisms.

• -a

• IPA^(key): /jɑ/

-ya

1. Back vowel variant of -ä after vowels

-ya

1. Rōmaji transcription of や

-ya

1. third person singular accusative enclitic

• IPA^(key): [-d͡ʒa]

Cognates include Minica Huitoto -ya and Nüpode Huitoto -ya.

-ya

1. Classifier for vehicles.

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

-ya

1. alternative form of -a

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[2], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 134

-ya (third person plural nominative, bound form of tjana)

1. they

Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act as clitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctions ka or munu if present.

-ya

1. Transformative suffix: to become.

   tuta (“night, darkness”) → tutayay (“to become dark”)

   unu (“water, liquid”) → unuyay (“to become liquid ＝ to melt”)

• (after a vowel) -za

-ya

1. (often with spirantization of the preceding consonant) causative suffix

   Near-synonyms: -isha/-esha, -iza/-eza

   1. used after verbs stems ending -k- (but not in -ek- or -ik-) with spirantization of the -k- to -sh-

      ‎-chemka (“to boil”) + ‎-ya → ‎-chemsha (“to bring to a boil”)

   2. used in some verbs interchangeably with -isha/-esha

      ‎-ogopa (“to fear”) + ‎-ya → ‎-ogofya (“to frighten”)

   3. (nonproductive) used to construct a causative verb with slightly different meaning

      ‎-ona (“to see”) + ‎-ya → ‎-onya (“to warn”)

      ‎-lala (“to sleep”) + ‎-ya → ‎-laza (“to put to bed”)

• Swahili causative verbs

-ya

1. Forms reverential terms.

• IPA^(key): [-ja]

-ya

1. Forms the singular of the recent past perfective tense of the verb ei (“to be”).
2. Forms the singular of the distant past perfective tense of the verb ei (“to be”) when both the agent and patient (if there is one) of the verb are third-person.

• -yato

-ya

1. Allomorph of -a (nonpast or past imperfective suffix) used for stems that end in i.

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[3], Lyon, pages 215–216