Swahili
Etymology
From the same root as woga and mwoga with the “inceptive” extension also seen in nenepa and -lapa. From Proto-Bantu [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-ogopa (infinitive kuogopa)
- to fear, be afraid
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -ogopa
|
| Positive present
|
-naogopa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-ogope
|
| Negative
|
-ogopi
|
| Imperative singular
|
ogopa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuogopa
|
| Negative
|
kutoogopa
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
ogopa
|
| Plural
|
ogopeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huogopa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liogopa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuogopa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naogopa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaogopa/naogopa
|
tunaogopa
|
| 2nd person
|
unaogopa
|
mnaogopa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaogopa
|
wanaogopa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naogopa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -ogopi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siogopi
|
hatuogopi
|
| 2nd person
|
huogopi
|
hamwogopi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haogopi
|
hawaogopi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -ogopi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taogopa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taogopa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -ogope)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niogope
|
tuogope
|
| 2nd person
|
uogope
|
mwogope
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aogope
|
waogope
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -ogope
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siogope
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeogopa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeogopa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliogopa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliogopa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aogopa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naogopa
|
twaogopa
|
| 2nd person
|
waogopa
|
mwaogopa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aogopa
|
waogopa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waogopa
|
yaogopa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laogopa
|
yaogopa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaogopa
|
vyaogopa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaogopa
|
zaogopa
|
| u(XI)
|
waogopa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaogopa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paogopa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaogopa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meogopa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaogopa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaogopa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiogopa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoogopa
|
| Consecutive
|
kaogopa / positive subject concord + -kaogopa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaogope
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niogopa
|
-tuogopa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuogopa
|
-waogopa/-kuogopeni/-waogopeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mwogopa
|
-waogopa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uogopa
|
-iogopa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liogopa
|
-yaogopa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiogopa
|
-viogopa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iogopa
|
-ziogopa
|
| u(XI)
|
-uogopa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuogopa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paogopa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muogopa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiogopa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -ogopa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-ogopaye
|
-ogopao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ogopao
|
-ogopayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-ogopalo
|
-ogopayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-ogopacho
|
-ogopavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ogopayo
|
-ogopazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-ogopao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-ogopako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-ogopapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-ogopamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -ogopa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeogopa
|
-oogopa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oogopa
|
-yoogopa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loogopa
|
-yoogopa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choogopa
|
-vyoogopa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoogopa
|
-zoogopa
|
| u(XI)
|
-oogopa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koogopa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poogopa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moogopa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Synonyms
Derived terms
See also