Old English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxo.fu/, [ˈho.vu]
Noun
hofu
- nominative/accusative plural of hof
Swahili
Etymology
From Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Unguja standard) IPA(key): /ˈhɔ.fu/
- (unadapted from Arabic) IPA(key): /ˈxɔ.fu/
Noun
hofu class IX (plural hofu class X)
- fear
Synonyms
Verb
-hofu (infinitive kuhofu)
- to fear, be afraid
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -hofu
|
| Positive present
|
-nahofu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-hofu
|
| Negative
|
-hofu
|
| Imperative singular
|
hofu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuhofu
|
| Negative
|
kutohofu
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
hofu
|
| Plural
|
hofuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhofu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihofu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhofu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahofu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahofu/nahofu
|
tunahofu
|
| 2nd person
|
unahofu
|
mnahofu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahofu
|
wanahofu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahofu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hofu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihofu
|
hatuhofu
|
| 2nd person
|
huhofu
|
hamhofu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahofu
|
hawahofu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hofu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahofu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahofu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hofu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihofu
|
tuhofu
|
| 2nd person
|
uhofu
|
mhofu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahofu
|
wahofu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -hofu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihofu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehofu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehofu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihofu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihofu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahofu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahofu
|
twahofu
|
| 2nd person
|
wahofu
|
mwahofu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahofu
|
wahofu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahofu
|
yahofu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahofu
|
yahofu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahofu
|
vyahofu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahofu
|
zahofu
|
| u(XI)
|
wahofu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahofu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahofu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahofu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehofu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahofu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahofu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihofu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohofu
|
| Consecutive
|
kahofu / positive subject concord + -kahofu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahofu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihofu
|
-tuhofu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhofu
|
-wahofu/-kuhofuni/-wahofuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhofu
|
-wahofu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhofu
|
-ihofu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihofu
|
-yahofu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihofu
|
-vihofu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihofu
|
-zihofu
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhofu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhofu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahofu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhofu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihofu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hofu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hofuye
|
-hofuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hofuo
|
-hofuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hofulo
|
-hofuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hofucho
|
-hofuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hofuyo
|
-hofuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hofuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hofuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hofupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hofumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hofu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehofu
|
-ohofu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohofu
|
-yohofu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohofu
|
-yohofu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohofu
|
-vyohofu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohofu
|
-zohofu
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohofu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohofu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohofu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohofu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 96 Nr. 857