ngali
Bandjalang
Etymology
From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *ŋali.
Noun
ngali
Gamilaraay
Etymology
From Proto-Central New South Wales *ŋali, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *ŋali.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ŋali/
Pronoun
ngali
- We two (first person dual pronoun)
References
- Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
- Peter Austin, A Reference Dictionary of Gamilaraay, northern New South Wales (1993)
Guugu Yimidhirr
Etymology
From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *ŋali.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ŋali/
Pronoun
ngali
- We two, you and I (first person dual inclusive pronoun)
Usage notes
Most modern speakers no longer make a distinction between inclusive and exclusive pronouns, instead using ngali for both "you and I" and "he/she and I".
References
- Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
- Haviland, John B. 1979. ‘Guugu Yimidhirr Sketch Grammar’. R. M. W. Dixon, B. Blake (eds.) Handbook of Australian Languages, Vol I.
Maguindanao
Noun
ngali
Martuthunira
Etymology
From Proto-Ngayarda *ŋali, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *ŋali.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ŋali/
Pronoun
ngali
- We two, you and I (first person dual inclusive pronoun)
References
- Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
- Dench, Alan Charles. 1995. Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125.
Pitjantjatjara
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *ŋali.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈŋɐlɪ]
Pronoun
ngali (first person dual, accusative ngalinya, possessive/purposive ngalimpa, locative ngalila)
- we two
Related terms
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| first person | ngayulu (I) Bound form: -ṉa |
ngali (we two) Bound form: -li |
nganaṉa (we, more than two) Bound form: -la |
| second person | nyuntu (you) Bound form: -n |
nyupali (you two) | nyura (you, more than two) |
| third person | paluṟu (he/she/it) | pula (they two) | tjana (they, more than two) Bound form: -ya |
Swahili
Pronunciation
Audio (Kenya): (file)
Verb
-ngali (only present tense)
- to still be
- Near-synonym: bado
- ungali unasema ― you are still saying
- ningali sijui ― I still do not know
- wangali watoto ― they are still children
- wangali hawajalala ― they are not yet asleep
Conjugation
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ningali | tungali | |
| 2nd person | ungali | mngali | |
| 3rd person |
m-wa(I/II) | angali/yungali | wangali |
| m-mi(III/IV) | ungali | ingali | |
| ji-ma(V/VI) | lingali | yangali | |
| ki-vi(VII/VIII) | kingali | vingali | |
| n(IX/X) | ingali | zingali | |
| u(XI) | ungali | see n(X) or ma(VI) | |
| ku(XV/XVII) | kungali | ||
| pa(XVI) | pangali | ||
| mu(XVIII) | mngali | ||
For more information, see Appendix:Swahili verbs.
Derived terms
Wajarri
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ŋali/
Pronoun
ngali
- we two (first person dual subject pronoun)