ग्रावन्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গ্ৰাৱন্ (Assamese script)
- ᬕ᭄ᬭᬵᬯᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
- গ্রাবন্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰪𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀯𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ဂြာဝန် (Burmese script)
- ગ્રાવન્ (Gujarati script)
- ਗ੍ਰਾਵਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌵𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦿꦴꦮꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂫𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಗ್ರಾವೝ (Kannada script)
- គ្រាវន៑ (Khmer script)
- ຄ຺ຣາວນ຺ (Lao script)
- ഗ്രാവന് (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᡵᠠ᠊ᠠᠸᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘪𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠷᠠᢗᠸᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧠𑧈𑧑𑧊𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐰𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଗ୍ରାଵନ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢔ꣄ꢬꢵꢮꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆮𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖪𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ග්රාවන් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩾𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚦𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
- க்³ராவந் (Tamil script)
- గ్రావౝ (Telugu script)
- คฺราวนฺ (Thai script)
- གྲཱ་ཝ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒫𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨭𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”). Cognate with English quern, Old Irish brao.
It has been suggested that the word used in the Rigveda is unrelated to the sense "stone" and rather refers to a human person, meaning "praiser, singer", possibly deriving from the root गॄ (gṝ).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡɾɑ́ː.ʋɐn/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡɾɑː.ʋɐn̪/
Noun
ग्रावन् • (grā́van) stem, m
- (Rigvedic) (traditional translation) a stone for pressing out the Soma juice
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.11:
- दू॒रमि॑त पणयो॒ वरी॑य॒ उद्गावो॑ यन्तु मिन॒तीॠ॒तेन॑।
बृह॒स्पति॒र्या अवि॑न्द॒न्निगू॑ळ्हाः॒ सोमो॒ ग्रावा॑ण॒ ऋष॑यश्च॒ विप्राः॑॥- dūrámita paṇayo várīya údgā́vo yantu minatī́ṝténa.
bṛ́haspátiryā́ ávindannígūḷhāḥ sómo grā́vāṇa ṛ́ṣayaśca víprāḥ. - Hence, far away, ye Paṇis! Let the cattle lowing come forth as holy Law commandeth,
Kine which Brihaspati, and Soma, ṛsis, sages, and pressing-stones have found when hidden.
- dūrámita paṇayo várīya údgā́vo yantu minatī́ṝténa.
- दू॒रमि॑त पणयो॒ वरी॑य॒ उद्गावो॑ यन्तु मिन॒तीॠ॒तेन॑।
- (Rigvedic) (proposed modern translation) praiser, singer[1]
- a stone or rock
- a mountain
- a cloud
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ग्रावा (grā́vā) | ग्रावाणौ (grā́vāṇau) ग्रावाणा¹ (grā́vāṇā¹) |
ग्रावाणः (grā́vāṇaḥ) |
| accusative | ग्रावाणम् (grā́vāṇam) | ग्रावाणौ (grā́vāṇau) ग्रावाणा¹ (grā́vāṇā¹) |
ग्रौणः (graúṇaḥ) |
| instrumental | ग्रौणा (graúṇā) | ग्रावभ्याम् (grā́vabhyām) | ग्रावभिः (grā́vabhiḥ) |
| dative | ग्रौणे (graúṇe) | ग्रावभ्याम् (grā́vabhyām) | ग्रावभ्यः (grā́vabhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ग्रौणः (graúṇaḥ) | ग्रावभ्याम् (grā́vabhyām) | ग्रावभ्यः (grā́vabhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ग्रौणः (graúṇaḥ) | ग्रौणोः (graúṇoḥ) | ग्रौणाम् (graúṇām) |
| locative | ग्रौणि (graúṇi) ग्रावणि (grā́vaṇi) ग्रावन्¹ (grā́van¹) |
ग्रौणोः (graúṇoḥ) | ग्रावसु (grā́vasu) |
| vocative | ग्रावन् (grā́van) | ग्रावाणौ (grā́vāṇau) ग्रावाणा¹ (grā́vāṇā¹) |
ग्रावाणः (grā́vāṇaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Odia: ଗ୍ରାବ (grāba)
- Tamil: கிராவணம் (kirāvaṇam), சிராவணம் (cirāvaṇam)
- Telugu: గ్రావము (grāvamu)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Karen Thomson (2001). "The Meaning and Language of the Rigveda: Rigvedic grā́van as a test case", The Journal of Indo-European Studies, 29 (3 & 4). Online at https://www.rigveda.co.uk/gravan.pdf
- Monier Williams (1899) “ग्रावन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 374, column 1.