Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷréh₂wō

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From the adjective *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”) +‎ *-ō (individualizing suffix).

Noun

*gʷréh₂wō m^[1]^[2]^[3]

quern, mill-stone

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*gʷréh₂wō
genitive	*gʷr̥h₂unés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷréh₂wō	*gʷréh₂wonh₁(e)	*gʷréh₂wones
vocative	*gʷréh₂won	*gʷréh₂wonh₁(e)	*gʷréh₂wones
accusative	*gʷréh₂wonm̥	*gʷréh₂wonh₁(e)	*gʷréh₂wonm̥s
genitive	*gʷr̥h₂unés	*?	*gʷr̥h₂unóHom
ablative	*gʷr̥h₂unés	*?	gʷr̥h₂wn̥mós, gʷr̥h₂wn̥bʰós
dative	*gʷr̥h₂unéy	*?	gʷr̥h₂wn̥mós, gʷr̥h₂wn̥bʰós
locative	gʷr̥h₂wén, gʷr̥h₂wéni	*?	*gʷr̥h₂wn̥sú
instrumental	*gʷr̥h₂unéh₁	*?	gʷr̥h₂wn̥mís, gʷr̥h₂wn̥bʰís

Derived terms

*gʷérh₂nu-s ~ *gʷr̥h₂nw-és^[4] (< metathesized *gʷérh₂un-s ~ *gʷr̥h₂un-és)
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: երկան (erkan)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gírˀnūˀ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *kwernuz
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *kwernō
- Proto-Tocharian: ^[5]
  - Tocharian A: kärwañ
  - Tocharian B: kärweñe

Descendants

Proto-Celtic: *brawū (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *grā́wā
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *grā́wā
  - Sanskrit: ग्रावन् (grā́van)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯er-, g^u̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 476-477
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 122-123
^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 96
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwernu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kärweñe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 176

[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯er-, g^u̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 476-477

[2] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 122-123

[3] Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 96

[EDPG-4] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwernu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318

[5] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kärweñe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 176

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