ग्रीवा
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Sanskrit ग्रीवा (grīvā).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɡɾiː.ʋɑː/, [ɡɾiː.ʋäː]
Noun
ग्रीवा • (grīvā) f
- (anatomy) neck
- Synonym: गर्दन (gardan)
- 2008, Visvamohan Tiwari, विज्ञान का आनंद [vijñān kā ānand, The fun of science], Alekh Prakashan, →ISBN, page 53:
- मयूर के सिर पर नीली थिरकती कलगी हो देखकर लगता है कि मयूर राजा के मुकुट पर नीलम मणियों का छोटा-सा छत्र शोभायमान हो, उस छत्र की छोटी-छोटी दंडिकाएँ धवल चाँदी-सी दमकती हैं । सुंदर ग्रीवा तथा सिर का प्रगाढ़ नीला रंग उसे विशिष्ट सौंदर्य प्रदान करता है ।
- mayūr ke sir par nīlī thiraktī kalgī ho dekhkar lagtā hai ki mayūr rājā ke mukuṭ par nīlam maṇiyõ kā choṭā-sā chatra śobhāymān ho, us chatra kī choṭī-choṭī daṇḍikāẽ dhaval cā̃dī-sī damaktī ha͠i . sundar grīvā tathā sir kā pragāṛh nīlā raṅg use viśiṣṭ saundarya pradān kartā hai .
- Seeing the blue dancing crest on the peacock's head, it seems as if a small umbrella of sapphire gems adorns the crown of the peacock king, the small lines of that umbrella shine like white silver. A beautiful neck and the deep blue colour of the head gives it a special beauty.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | ग्रीवा grīvā |
ग्रीवाएँ grīvāẽ |
| oblique | ग्रीवा grīvā |
ग्रीवाओं grīvāõ |
| vocative | ग्रीवा grīvā |
ग्रीवाओ grīvāo |
Further reading
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “ग्रीवा”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 1374
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “ग्रीवा”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 185
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “ग्रीवा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 282
Old Awadhi
Noun
ग्रीवा (grīvā)
- Devanagari script form of 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂲𑂫𑂰 (“neck”)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গ্ৰীৱা (Assamese script)
- ᬕ᭄ᬭᬷᬯᬵ (Balinese script)
- গ্রীবা (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰿𑰨𑰱𑰪𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀻𑀯𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ဂြီဝါ (Burmese script)
- ગ્રીવા (Gujarati script)
- ਗ੍ਰੀਵਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑍍𑌰𑍀𑌵𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦿꦷꦮꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂲𑂫𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಗ್ರೀವಾ (Kannada script)
- គ្រីវា (Khmer script)
- ຄ຺ຣີວາ (Lao script)
- ഗ്രീവാ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᡵᡳᡳᠸᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘿𑘨𑘲𑘪𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠷᠢᠢᠸᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧠𑧈𑧓𑧊𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑑂𑐬𑐷𑐰𑐵 (Newa script)
- ଗ୍ରୀଵା (Odia script)
- ꢔ꣄ꢬꢷꢮꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑇀𑆫𑆵𑆮𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖿𑖨𑖱𑖪𑖯 (Siddham script)
- ග්රීවා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞 𑪙𑩼𑩑𑩛𑩾𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚶𑚤𑚯𑚦𑚭 (Takri script)
- க்³ரீவா (Tamil script)
- గ్రీవా (Telugu script)
- คฺรีวา (Thai script)
- གྲཱི་ཝཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑓂𑒩𑒲𑒫𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑩇𑨫𑨁𑨊𑨭𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *griHwáH, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬭𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁 (grīuuā), Latvian grĩva (“river mouth”), Proto-Slavic *griva (“mane”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡɾiː.ʋɑ́ː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡɾiː.ʋɑː/
Noun
ग्रीवा • (grīvā́) stem, f
- the back part of the neck, nape, neck (in the earlier literature generally used in plural)
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.48.17:
- मा काकम्बीरमुद वर्हो वनस्पतिमशस्तीर्वि हि नीनशः ।
मोत सूरो अह एवा चन ग्रीवा आदधते वेः ॥- mā kākambīramuda varho vanaspatimaśastīrvi hi nīnaśaḥ.
mota sūro aha evā cana grīvā ādadhate veḥ. - Tear not up by the roots the Kakambira tree: destroy thou all malignity. Let them not snare by day the neck of that Celestial Bird the Sun.
- mā kākambīramuda varho vanaspatimaśastīrvi hi nīnaśaḥ.
- मा काकम्बीरमुद वर्हो वनस्पतिमशस्तीर्वि हि नीनशः ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ग्रीवा (grīvā́) | ग्रीवे (grīvé) | ग्रीवाः (grīvā́ḥ) |
| accusative | ग्रीवाम् (grīvā́m) | ग्रीवे (grīvé) | ग्रीवाः (grīvā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | ग्रीवया (grīváyā) ग्रीवा¹ (grīvā́¹) |
ग्रीवाभ्याम् (grīvā́bhyām) | ग्रीवाभिः (grīvā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | ग्रीवायै (grīvā́yai) | ग्रीवाभ्याम् (grīvā́bhyām) | ग्रीवाभ्यः (grīvā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ग्रीवायाः (grīvā́yāḥ) ग्रीवायै² (grīvā́yai²) |
ग्रीवाभ्याम् (grīvā́bhyām) | ग्रीवाभ्यः (grīvā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ग्रीवायाः (grīvā́yāḥ) ग्रीवायै² (grīvā́yai²) |
ग्रीवयोः (grīváyoḥ) | ग्रीवाणाम् (grīvā́ṇām) |
| locative | ग्रीवायाम् (grīvā́yām) | ग्रीवयोः (grīváyoḥ) | ग्रीवासु (grīvā́su) |
| vocative | ग्रीवे (grī́ve) | ग्रीवे (grī́ve) | ग्रीवाः (grī́vāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “ग्रीवा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0374.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “ग्रीवा”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 681
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “grīvā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “grīvā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 235