चात्वाल
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- চাত্বাল (Assamese script)
- ᬘᬵᬢ᭄ᬯᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
- চাত্বাল (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰯𑰝𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀸𑀢𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- စာတွာလ (Burmese script)
- ચાત્વાલ (Gujarati script)
- ਚਾਤ੍ਵਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌚𑌾𑌤𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦕꦴꦠ꧀ꦮꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂒𑂰𑂞𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಚಾತ್ವಾಲ (Kannada script)
- ចាត្វាល (Khmer script)
- ຈາຕ຺ວາລ (Lao script)
- ചാത്വാല (Malayalam script)
- ᢜᠠ᠊ᠠᢠᠣᠸᠠ᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘓𑘰𑘝𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠠᢗᢐᢦᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦳𑧑𑦽𑧠𑧊𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐵𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
- ଚାତ୍ଵାଲ (Odia script)
- ꢗꢵꢡ꣄ꢮꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆳𑆠𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖯𑖝𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
- චාත්වාල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩡𑩛𑩫 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚏𑚭𑚙𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚥 (Takri script)
- சாத்வால (Tamil script)
- చాత్వాల (Telugu script)
- จาตฺวาล (Thai script)
- ཙཱ་ཏྭཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒰𑒞𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨣𑨊𑨙𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From an early derived form of Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanH- (“to dig”) + a suffix *आल (*āla) of uncertain origin. Compare Avestan 𐬗𐬁𐬝 (cāt̰, “a well pit”), Bactrian σαδο (sado, “a well”), Persian چال (čâl, “pit, hole”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /t͡ɕɑːt.ʋɑː.lɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t͡ɕɑːt̪.ʋɑː.l̪ɐ/
Noun
चात्वाल • (cātvāla) stem, m or n
- a hole in the ground for constructing the Uttaravedi; a trench supplying the earth for the northern alter; a hole in the ground to receive an oblation or the sacred fire
- Kusa grass
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | चात्वालः (cātvālaḥ) | चात्वालौ (cātvālau) चात्वाला¹ (cātvālā¹) |
चात्वालाः (cātvālāḥ) चात्वालासः¹ (cātvālāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | चात्वालम् (cātvālam) | चात्वालौ (cātvālau) चात्वाला¹ (cātvālā¹) |
चात्वालान् (cātvālān) |
| instrumental | चात्वालेन (cātvālena) | चात्वालाभ्याम् (cātvālābhyām) | चात्वालैः (cātvālaiḥ) चात्वालेभिः¹ (cātvālebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | चात्वालाय (cātvālāya) | चात्वालाभ्याम् (cātvālābhyām) | चात्वालेभ्यः (cātvālebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | चात्वालात् (cātvālāt) | चात्वालाभ्याम् (cātvālābhyām) | चात्वालेभ्यः (cātvālebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | चात्वालस्य (cātvālasya) | चात्वालयोः (cātvālayoḥ) | चात्वालानाम् (cātvālānām) |
| locative | चात्वाले (cātvāle) | चात्वालयोः (cātvālayoḥ) | चात्वालेषु (cātvāleṣu) |
| vocative | चात्वाल (cātvāla) | चात्वालौ (cātvālau) चात्वाला¹ (cātvālā¹) |
चात्वालाः (cātvālāḥ) चात्वालासः¹ (cātvālāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | चात्वालम् (cātvālam) | चात्वाले (cātvāle) | चात्वालानि (cātvālāni) चात्वाला¹ (cātvālā¹) |
| accusative | चात्वालम् (cātvālam) | चात्वाले (cātvāle) | चात्वालानि (cātvālāni) चात्वाला¹ (cātvālā¹) |
| instrumental | चात्वालेन (cātvālena) | चात्वालाभ्याम् (cātvālābhyām) | चात्वालैः (cātvālaiḥ) चात्वालेभिः¹ (cātvālebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | चात्वालाय (cātvālāya) | चात्वालाभ्याम् (cātvālābhyām) | चात्वालेभ्यः (cātvālebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | चात्वालात् (cātvālāt) | चात्वालाभ्याम् (cātvālābhyām) | चात्वालेभ्यः (cātvālebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | चात्वालस्य (cātvālasya) | चात्वालयोः (cātvālayoḥ) | चात्वालानाम् (cātvālānām) |
| locative | चात्वाले (cātvāle) | चात्वालयोः (cātvālayoḥ) | चात्वालेषु (cātvāleṣu) |
| vocative | चात्वाल (cātvāla) | चात्वाले (cātvāle) | चात्वालानि (cātvālāni) चात्वाला¹ (cātvālā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “चात्वाल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 392/3.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “चात्वाल”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “चात्वाल”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 539-40
- Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 252