چال

See also: خال and حال

Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *čāt- / *čāθ- (“pit, well”), from an early derived form of Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanH- (“to dig”). Cognate with Sanskrit चात्वाल (cātvāla, “a hole in the ground for constructing the Uttara-vedi, performing oblations, or for sacrificial fire”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃaːl/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɑːl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɑːl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɔːl̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɒːl̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɔl]

Readings
Classical reading^?	čāl
Dari reading^?	čāl
Iranian reading^?	čâl
Tajik reading^?	čol

Noun

چال • (čâl)

pit
hole
(dialectal, Kazerun) lair
(dialectal, Kazerun) nest
(dialectal, Kazerun) den

Derived terms

توچال (točâl)
سیاه‌چال (siyâh-čâl)
کلک‌چال (kolak-čâl)
یخچال (yax-čâl)

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 252

Urdu

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɑːl/
Rhymes: -ɑːl

Noun

چال • (cāl) f (Hindi spelling चाल)

play, trick

References

“چال”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

[1] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 252

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