जार
Hindi
Etymology
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀚𑀸𑀭 (jāra), from Sanskrit जार (jārá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́aHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-rós, from *ǵneh₃-.
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /d͡ʒɑːɾ/, [d͡ʒäːɾ]
Noun
जार • (jār) m (Urdu spelling جار)
- a lover (adulterous)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | जार jār |
जार jār |
| oblique | जार jār |
जारों jārõ |
| vocative | जार jār |
जारो jāro |
Related terms
- जारकर्म (jārkarm, “adultery”)
- जारज (jāraj, “illegitimate son”)
- जारजता (jārajtā, “illegitimacy”)
- जारजन्मा (jārjanmā, “born of adultery”)
- जारजा (jārjā, “illegitimate daughter”)
- जारजात (jārjāt, “born of adultery”)
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jāra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 287
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “जार”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- জাৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬚᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
- জার (Bengali script)
- 𑰕𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀚𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ဇာရ (Burmese script)
- જાર (Gujarati script)
- ਜਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌜𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦗꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂔𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಜಾರ (Kannada script)
- ជារ (Khmer script)
- ຊາຣ (Lao script)
- ജാര (Malayalam script)
- ᡯᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘕𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠽᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦵𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐖𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଜାର (Odia script)
- ꢙꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆘𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖕𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ජාර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩣𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚑𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஜார (Tamil script)
- జార (Telugu script)
- ชาร (Thai script)
- ཛཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒖𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨥𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /d͡ʑɑː.ɾɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d͡ʑɑː.ɾɐ/
Etymology 1
From the root जॄ (jṝ, “to grow old”).
Adjective
जार • (jāra) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जारः (jāraḥ) | जारौ (jārau) | जाराः (jārāḥ) |
| accusative | जारम् (jāram) | जारौ (jārau) | जारान् (jārān) |
| instrumental | जारेन (jārena) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारैः (jāraiḥ) |
| dative | जाराय (jārāya) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारेभ्यः (jārebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जारात् (jārāt) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारेभ्यः (jārebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जारस्य (jārasya) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारानाम् (jārānām) |
| locative | जारे (jāre) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारेषु (jāreṣu) |
| vocative | जार (jāra) | जारौ (jārau) | जाराः (jārāḥ) |
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जारा (jārā) | जारे (jāre) | जाराः (jārāḥ) |
| accusative | जाराम् (jārām) | जारे (jāre) | जाराः (jārāḥ) |
| instrumental | जारया (jārayā) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जाराभिः (jārābhiḥ) |
| dative | जारायै (jārāyai) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जाराभ्यः (jārābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जारायाः (jārāyāḥ) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जाराभ्यः (jārābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जारायाः (jārāyāḥ) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारानाम् (jārānām) |
| locative | जारायाम् (jārāyām) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारासु (jārāsu) |
| vocative | जारे (jāre) | जारे (jāre) | जाराः (jārāḥ) |
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जारम् (jāram) | जारे (jāre) | जारानि (jārāni) |
| accusative | जारम् (jāram) | जारे (jāre) | जारानि (jārāni) |
| instrumental | जारेन (jārena) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारैः (jāraiḥ) |
| dative | जाराय (jārāya) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारेभ्यः (jārebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जारात् (jārāt) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारेभ्यः (jārebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जारस्य (jārasya) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारानाम् (jārānām) |
| locative | जारे (jāre) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारेषु (jāreṣu) |
| vocative | जार (jāra) | जारे (jāre) | जारानि (jārāni) |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-ró-, from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”), with semantic development into erotic slang from "knowing (women)" > "loving (women)" > "paramour". The semantic shift from "knowing" > "liking, loving", via the same root, has parallels in other Indo-European languages, such as German Bekannter (“acquaintance, friend”) and French connaisseur (“connoisseur”).
Noun
जार • (jāra) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जारः (jāraḥ) | जारौ (jārau) जारा¹ (jārā¹) |
जाराः (jārāḥ) जारासः¹ (jārāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | जारम् (jāram) | जारौ (jārau) जारा¹ (jārā¹) |
जारान् (jārān) |
| instrumental | जारेण (jāreṇa) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारैः (jāraiḥ) जारेभिः¹ (jārebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जाराय (jārāya) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारेभ्यः (jārebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जारात् (jārāt) | जाराभ्याम् (jārābhyām) | जारेभ्यः (jārebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जारस्य (jārasya) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जाराणाम् (jārāṇām) |
| locative | जारे (jāre) | जारयोः (jārayoḥ) | जारेषु (jāreṣu) |
| vocative | जार (jāra) | जारौ (jārau) जारा¹ (jārā¹) |
जाराः (jārāḥ) जारासः¹ (jārāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “जार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 419/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 588