तर्ज्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- তৰ্জ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬢᬃᬚ᭄ (Balinese script)
- তর্জ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰨𑰿𑰕𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑀭𑁆𑀚𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- တရ်္ဇ် (Burmese script)
- તર્જ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਤਰ੍ਜ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑌰𑍍𑌜𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦂꦗ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ತರ್ಜ್ (Kannada script)
- តជ៌៑ (Khmer script)
- ຕຣ຺ຊ຺ (Lao script)
- തര്ജ് (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᠠᡵᡯ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘨𑘿𑘕𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠠᠷᠽ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑧈𑧠𑦵𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑐬𑑂𑐖𑑂 (Newa script)
- ତର୍ଜ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢡꢬ꣄ꢙ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑆫𑇀𑆘𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖨𑖿𑖕𑖿 (Siddham script)
- තර්ජ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫𑩼 𑪙𑩣 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚤𑚶𑚑𑚶 (Takri script)
- தர்ஜ் (Tamil script)
- తర్జ్ (Telugu script)
- ตรฺชฺ (Thai script)
- ཏ་རྫ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑒩𑓂𑒖𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑨫𑩇𑨥𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tarȷ́-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tarǰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *tergʷ- (“to scare, be fierce”). Mayrhofer expresses doubt about this derivation, likely due to the root's lack of attestation in Vedic texts (though he never explicitly lays out his reason for uncertainty),[1] but the phonetics and semantics appear as a solid match, and the connection is supported by later linguists, such as de Vaan.[2]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tɐɾd͡ʑ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪ɐɾd͡ʑ/
Root
तर्ज् • (tarj)
Derived terms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root तर्ज् (0 c, 3 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root तर्ज् (3 c, 0 e)
- Primary Verbal Forms
- तर्जति (tárjati) (Present)
- तर्जिष्यति (tarjiṣyáti) (Future)
- तर्जिता (tarjitā́) (Periphrastic Future)
- अतर्जीत् (átarjīt) (Aorist)
- ततर्ज (tatárja) (Perfect)
- Secondary Forms
- तर्जयति (tarjáyati) (Causative)
- तर्ज्यते (tarjyáte) (Passive of Causative)
- Non-Finite Forms
- तर्जित (tarjitá) (Past Participle)
- तर्जितुम् (tarjitum) (Infinitive)
- तर्जित्वा (tarjitvā́) (Gerund)
- तर्ज्य (tarjya) (Gerund)
- तर्जनीय (tarjanī́ya) (Gerundive)
- Derived Nominal Forms
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “TARJ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 238
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “torvus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 625
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “तर्ज्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 440.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 62