तुखार
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- तुषार (tuṣāra)
- तुःखार (tuḥkhāra), तुक्खर (tukkhara)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- তুখাৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬢᬸᬔᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
- তুখার (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰲𑰏𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑀼𑀔𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- တုခါရ (Burmese script)
- તુખાર (Gujarati script)
- ਤੁਖਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑍁𑌖𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦸꦑꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂳𑂎𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ತುಖಾರ (Kannada script)
- តុខារ (Khmer script)
- ຕຸຂາຣ (Lao script)
- തുഖാര (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᡠᡘᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘳𑘏𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠤᠻᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑧔𑦯𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑐸𑐏𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
- ତୁଖାର (Odia script)
- ꢡꢸꢓꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑆶𑆒𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖲𑖏𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
- තුඛාර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫𑩒𑩝𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚰𑚋𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
- துக²ார (Tamil script)
- తుఖార (Telugu script)
- ตุขาร (Thai script)
- ཏུ་ཁཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑒳𑒐𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑨃𑨌𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Probably from an Indo-Iranian source. Cognate with Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-), Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra), Ancient Greek Τόχαρος (Tókharos) (whence English Tocharian).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪u.kʰɑː.ɾɐ/
Proper noun
तुखार • (tukhāra) stem, m
- Tocharians (an Indo-European but non-Indo-Aryan people to the northwest of the Indian subcontinent, often identified as the founders of the Kushana Empire in India)
- c. 300 CE, Atharvaveda-Pariśiṣṭa 51.3.3:
- धनकनकरजतसंचयाश् च सर्वे शमदममन्त्रपराश् चये मनुष्याः ।
शकयवनतुखारबाल्हिकाश् च क्षयम् उपयान्ति दिवाकरस्य घाते ॥- dhanakanakarajatasaṃcayāś ca sarve śamadamamantraparāś caye manuṣyāḥ.
śakayavanatukhārabālhikāś ca kṣayam upayānti divākarasya ghāte. - The accretion of riches, gold, and silver; all fully dedicated to counsels of calmness and restraint; and these peoples
The Sakas, Yavanas, Tukharas, and Balhikas ascend the seat of the Sun, when (the astrological planet is) invaded.
- dhanakanakarajatasaṃcayāś ca sarve śamadamamantraparāś caye manuṣyāḥ.
- धनकनकरजतसंचयाश् च सर्वे शमदममन्त्रपराश् चये मनुष्याः ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | तुखारः (tukhāraḥ) | तुखारौ (tukhārau) तुखारा¹ (tukhārā¹) |
तुखाराः (tukhārāḥ) तुखारासः¹ (tukhārāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | तुखारम् (tukhāram) | तुखारौ (tukhārau) तुखारा¹ (tukhārā¹) |
तुखारान् (tukhārān) |
| instrumental | तुखारेण (tukhāreṇa) | तुखाराभ्याम् (tukhārābhyām) | तुखारैः (tukhāraiḥ) तुखारेभिः¹ (tukhārebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | तुखाराय (tukhārāya) | तुखाराभ्याम् (tukhārābhyām) | तुखारेभ्यः (tukhārebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | तुखारात् (tukhārāt) | तुखाराभ्याम् (tukhārābhyām) | तुखारेभ्यः (tukhārebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | तुखारस्य (tukhārasya) | तुखारयोः (tukhārayoḥ) | तुखाराणाम् (tukhārāṇām) |
| locative | तुखारे (tukhāre) | तुखारयोः (tukhārayoḥ) | तुखारेषु (tukhāreṣu) |
| vocative | तुखार (tukhāra) | तुखारौ (tukhārau) तुखारा¹ (tukhārā¹) |
तुखाराः (tukhārāḥ) तुखारासः¹ (tukhārāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “तुखार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 449, column 3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “tukhāra-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 248