ध्रुव
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ধ্ৰুৱ (Assamese script)
- ᬥ᭄ᬭᬸᬯ (Balinese script)
- ধ্রুব (Bengali script)
- 𑰠𑰿𑰨𑰲𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀥𑁆𑀭𑀼𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- ဓြုဝ (Burmese script)
- ધ્રુવ (Gujarati script)
- ਧ੍ਰੁਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌧𑍍𑌰𑍁𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦣꦿꦸꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂡𑂹𑂩𑂳𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಧ್ರುವ (Kannada script)
- ធ្រុវ (Khmer script)
- ຘ຺ຣຸວ (Lao script)
- ധ്രുവ (Malayalam script)
- ᢡᡵᡠᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘠𑘿𑘨𑘳𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠾᠷᠤᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧀𑧠𑧈𑧔𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐢𑑂𑐬𑐸𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଧ୍ରୁଵ (Odia script)
- ꢤ꣄ꢬꢸꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆣𑇀𑆫𑆶𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖠𑖿𑖨𑖲𑖪 (Siddham script)
- ධ්රුව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩮 𑪙𑩼𑩒𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚜𑚶𑚤𑚰𑚦 (Takri script)
- த்⁴ருவ (Tamil script)
- ధ్రువ (Telugu script)
- ธฺรุว (Thai script)
- དྷྲུ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒡𑓂𑒩𑒳𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨜𑩇𑨫𑨃𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰruwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixed, firm, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰru-wó-s, from *dʰer-us ~ *dʰr-éws + *-wós, from *dʰer- (“to support, hold”) + *-us. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (druua), Old Persian 𐎯𐎽𐎺 (duruva, “firm, certain”), Persian درست (dorost, “healthy”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /dʱɾu.ʋɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d̪ʱɾu.ʋɐ/
Adjective
ध्रुव • (dhruvá) stem
- fixed, immovable
- firm, stable
- certain, sure, wis
- मृतस्य जन्म ध्रुवम् ― mṛtasya janma dhruvam ― for the dead life (ie, reincarnation) is certain
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ध्रुवः (dhruváḥ) | ध्रुवौ (dhruvaú) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā́¹) |
ध्रुवाः (dhruvā́ḥ) ध्रुवासः¹ (dhruvā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | ध्रुवम् (dhruvám) | ध्रुवौ (dhruvaú) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā́¹) |
ध्रुवान् (dhruvā́n) |
| instrumental | ध्रुवेण (dhruvéṇa) | ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām) | ध्रुवैः (dhruvaíḥ) ध्रुवेभिः¹ (dhruvébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ध्रुवाय (dhruvā́ya) | ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām) | ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ध्रुवात् (dhruvā́t) | ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām) | ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ध्रुवस्य (dhruvásya) | ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ) | ध्रुवाणाम् (dhruvā́ṇām) |
| locative | ध्रुवे (dhruvé) | ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ) | ध्रुवेषु (dhruvéṣu) |
| vocative | ध्रुव (dhrúva) | ध्रुवौ (dhrúvau) ध्रुवा¹ (dhrúvā¹) |
ध्रुवाः (dhrúvāḥ) ध्रुवासः¹ (dhrúvāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ध्रुवा (dhruvā́) | ध्रुवे (dhruvé) | ध्रुवाः (dhruvā́ḥ) |
| accusative | ध्रुवाम् (dhruvā́m) | ध्रुवे (dhruvé) | ध्रुवाः (dhruvā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | ध्रुवया (dhruváyā) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā́¹) |
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām) | ध्रुवाभिः (dhruvā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | ध्रुवायै (dhruvā́yai) | ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām) | ध्रुवाभ्यः (dhruvā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ध्रुवायाः (dhruvā́yāḥ) ध्रुवायै² (dhruvā́yai²) |
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām) | ध्रुवाभ्यः (dhruvā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ध्रुवायाः (dhruvā́yāḥ) ध्रुवायै² (dhruvā́yai²) |
ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ) | ध्रुवाणाम् (dhruvā́ṇām) |
| locative | ध्रुवायाम् (dhruvā́yām) | ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ) | ध्रुवासु (dhruvā́su) |
| vocative | ध्रुवे (dhrúve) | ध्रुवे (dhrúve) | ध्रुवाः (dhrúvāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ध्रुवम् (dhruvám) | ध्रुवे (dhruvé) | ध्रुवाणि (dhruvā́ṇi) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā́¹) |
| accusative | ध्रुवम् (dhruvám) | ध्रुवे (dhruvé) | ध्रुवाणि (dhruvā́ṇi) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā́¹) |
| instrumental | ध्रुवेण (dhruvéṇa) | ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām) | ध्रुवैः (dhruvaíḥ) ध्रुवेभिः¹ (dhruvébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ध्रुवाय (dhruvā́ya) | ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām) | ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ध्रुवात् (dhruvā́t) | ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām) | ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ध्रुवस्य (dhruvásya) | ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ) | ध्रुवाणाम् (dhruvā́ṇām) |
| locative | ध्रुवे (dhruvé) | ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ) | ध्रुवेषु (dhruvéṣu) |
| vocative | ध्रुव (dhrúva) | ध्रुवे (dhrúve) | ध्रुवाणि (dhrúvāṇi) ध्रुवा¹ (dhrúvā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- → Assamese: ধ্ৰুব (dhrubo)
- → Bengali: ধ্রুব (dhrub)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀥𑀼𑀯 (dhuva)
- Marathi: ध्रुव (dhruv)
- Pali: dhuva
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀼𑀯 (dhuva)
- Hindi: धुव (dhuv), धू (dhū) (obsolete)
- Odia: ଧ୍ରୁବ (dhruba), ଧୁରୁବ (dhuruba)
- → Tamil: துருவம் (turuvam), துவம் (tuvam)
- → Telugu: ధ్రువము (dhruvamu)
Noun
ध्रुव • (dhruvá) stem, m
- the celestial pole, the axis mundi
- a knot
Derived terms
- ध्रुवक्षेम (dhruvakṣema, “firmly fixed, immovable”)
- ध्रुवगति (dhruvagati, “a firm position”)
- ध्रुववक (dhruvavaka, “the unchangeable longitude of fixed stars”)
- ध्रौव्य (dhrauvya, “fixedness, firmness”)
Descendants
- → English: Dhruva
Proper noun
ध्रुव • (dhruva) stem, m
- the star Polaris
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ध्रुवः (dhruvaḥ) | ध्रुवौ (dhruvau) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā¹) |
ध्रुवाः (dhruvāḥ) ध्रुवासः¹ (dhruvāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) | ध्रुवौ (dhruvau) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā¹) |
ध्रुवान् (dhruvān) |
| instrumental | ध्रुवेण (dhruveṇa) | ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) | ध्रुवैः (dhruvaiḥ) ध्रुवेभिः¹ (dhruvebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ध्रुवाय (dhruvāya) | ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) | ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ध्रुवात् (dhruvāt) | ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām) | ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ध्रुवस्य (dhruvasya) | ध्रुवयोः (dhruvayoḥ) | ध्रुवाणाम् (dhruvāṇām) |
| locative | ध्रुवे (dhruve) | ध्रुवयोः (dhruvayoḥ) | ध्रुवेषु (dhruveṣu) |
| vocative | ध्रुव (dhruva) | ध्रुवौ (dhruvau) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā¹) |
ध्रुवाः (dhruvāḥ) ध्रुवासः¹ (dhruvāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “ध्रुव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 521-522.